fix: exclude DEBUG and DEBUG_MODE from project .env files by default (#5289)

Co-authored-by: Jacob Richman <jacob314@gmail.com>

docs/cli/authentication.md

@@ -91,6 +91,8 @@ The Gemini CLI requires you to authenticate with Google's AI services. On initia
 
 You can create a **`.gemini/.env`** file in your project directory or in your home directory. Creating a plain **`.env`** file also works, but `.gemini/.env` is recommended to keep Gemini variables isolated from other tools.
 
+**Important:** Some environment variables (like `DEBUG` and `DEBUG_MODE`) are automatically excluded from project `.env` files to prevent interference with gemini-cli behavior. Use `.gemini/.env` files for gemini-cli specific variables.
+
 Gemini CLI automatically loads environment variables from the **first** `.env` file it finds, using the following search order:
 
 1. Starting in the **current directory** and moving upward toward `/`, for each directory it checks:

docs/cli/configuration.md

@@ -240,6 +240,14 @@ In addition to a project settings file, a project's `.gemini` directory can cont
     }
     ```
 
+- **`excludedProjectEnvVars`** (array of strings):
+  - **Description:** Specifies environment variables that should be excluded from being loaded from project `.env` files. This prevents project-specific environment variables (like `DEBUG=true`) from interfering with gemini-cli behavior. Variables from `.gemini/.env` files are never excluded.
+  - **Default:** `["DEBUG", "DEBUG_MODE"]`
+  - **Example:**
+    ```json
+    "excludedProjectEnvVars": ["DEBUG", "DEBUG_MODE", "NODE_ENV"]
+    ```
+
 ### Example `settings.json`:
 
 ```json
@@ -271,7 +279,8 @@ In addition to a project settings file, a project's `.gemini` directory can cont
     "run_shell_command": {
       "tokenBudget": 100
     }
-  }
+  },
+  "excludedProjectEnvVars": ["DEBUG", "DEBUG_MODE", "NODE_ENV"]
 }
 ```
 
@@ -293,6 +302,8 @@ The CLI automatically loads environment variables from an `.env` file. The loadi
 2.  If not found, it searches upwards in parent directories until it finds an `.env` file or reaches the project root (identified by a `.git` folder) or the home directory.
 3.  If still not found, it looks for `~/.env` (in the user's home directory).
 
+**Environment Variable Exclusion:** Some environment variables (like `DEBUG` and `DEBUG_MODE`) are automatically excluded from being loaded from project `.env` files to prevent interference with gemini-cli behavior. Variables from `.gemini/.env` files are never excluded. You can customize this behavior using the `excludedProjectEnvVars` setting in your `settings.json` file.
+
 - **`GEMINI_API_KEY`** (Required):
   - Your API key for the Gemini API.
   - **Crucial for operation.** The CLI will not function without it.
@@ -332,6 +343,7 @@ The CLI automatically loads environment variables from an `.env` file. The loadi
   - `<profile_name>`: Uses a custom profile. To define a custom profile, create a file named `sandbox-macos-<profile_name>.sb` in your project's `.gemini/` directory (e.g., `my-project/.gemini/sandbox-macos-custom.sb`).
 - **`DEBUG` or `DEBUG_MODE`** (often used by underlying libraries or the CLI itself):
   - Set to `true` or `1` to enable verbose debug logging, which can be helpful for troubleshooting.
+  - **Note:** These variables are automatically excluded from project `.env` files by default to prevent interference with gemini-cli behavior. Use `.gemini/.env` files if you need to set these for gemini-cli specifically.
 - **`NO_COLOR`**:
   - Set to any value to disable all color output in the CLI.
 - **`CLI_TITLE`**:

docs/sandbox.md

@@ -129,6 +129,8 @@ export SANDBOX_SET_UID_GID=false  # Disable UID/GID mapping
 DEBUG=1 gemini -s -p "debug command"
 ```
 
+**Note:** If you have `DEBUG=true` in a project's `.env` file, it won't affect gemini-cli due to automatic exclusion. Use `.gemini/.env` files for gemini-cli specific debug settings.
+
 ### Inspect sandbox
 
 ```bash

docs/troubleshooting.md

@@ -53,6 +53,11 @@ This guide provides solutions to common issues and debugging tips.
   - **Cause:** The `is-in-ci` package checks for the presence of `CI`, `CONTINUOUS_INTEGRATION`, or any environment variable with a `CI_` prefix. When any of these are found, it signals that the environment is non-interactive, which prevents the CLI from starting in its interactive mode.
   - **Solution:** If the `CI_` prefixed variable is not needed for the CLI to function, you can temporarily unset it for the command. e.g., `env -u CI_TOKEN gemini`
 
+- **DEBUG mode not working from project .env file**
+  - **Issue:** Setting `DEBUG=true` in a project's `.env` file doesn't enable debug mode for gemini-cli.
+  - **Cause:** The `DEBUG` and `DEBUG_MODE` variables are automatically excluded from project `.env` files to prevent interference with gemini-cli behavior.
+  - **Solution:** Use a `.gemini/.env` file instead, or configure the `excludedProjectEnvVars` setting in your `settings.json` to exclude fewer variables.
+
 ## Debugging Tips
 
 - **CLI debugging:**