fix: missing error throw in non-Interactive mode

fix(core): coerce string boolean values in schema validation

.github/workflows/release-sdk.yml

@@ -91,6 +91,8 @@ jobs:
         with:
           node-version-file: '.nvmrc'
           cache: 'npm'
+          registry-url: 'https://registry.npmjs.org'
+          scope: '@qwen-code'
 
       - name: 'Install Dependencies'
         run: |-
@@ -126,6 +128,14 @@ jobs:
           IS_PREVIEW: '${{ steps.vars.outputs.is_preview }}'
           MANUAL_VERSION: '${{ inputs.version }}'
 
+      - name: 'Set SDK package version (local only)'
+        env:
+          RELEASE_VERSION: '${{ steps.version.outputs.RELEASE_VERSION }}'
+        run: |-
+          # Ensure the package version matches the computed release version.
+          # This is required for nightly/preview because npm does not allow re-publishing the same version.
+          npm version -w @qwen-code/sdk "${RELEASE_VERSION}" --no-git-tag-version --allow-same-version
+
       - name: 'Build CLI Bundle'
         run: |
           npm run build
@@ -158,7 +168,21 @@ jobs:
           git config user.name "github-actions[bot]"
           git config user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
 
+      - name: 'Build SDK'
+        working-directory: 'packages/sdk-typescript'
+        run: |-
+          npm run build
+
+      - name: 'Publish @qwen-code/sdk'
+        working-directory: 'packages/sdk-typescript'
+        run: |-
+          npm publish --access public --tag=${{ steps.version.outputs.NPM_TAG }} ${{ steps.vars.outputs.is_dry_run == 'true' && '--dry-run' || '' }}
+        env:
+          NODE_AUTH_TOKEN: '${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}'
+
       - name: 'Create and switch to a release branch'
+        if: |-
+          ${{ steps.vars.outputs.is_dry_run == 'false' && steps.vars.outputs.is_nightly == 'false' && steps.vars.outputs.is_preview == 'false' }}
         id: 'release_branch'
         env:
           RELEASE_TAG: '${{ steps.version.outputs.RELEASE_TAG }}'
@@ -167,50 +191,22 @@ jobs:
           git switch -c "${BRANCH_NAME}"
           echo "BRANCH_NAME=${BRANCH_NAME}" >> "${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
 
-      - name: 'Update package version'
+      - name: 'Commit and Push package version (stable only)'
-        env:
+        if: |-
-          RELEASE_VERSION: '${{ steps.version.outputs.RELEASE_VERSION }}'
+          ${{ steps.vars.outputs.is_dry_run == 'false' && steps.vars.outputs.is_nightly == 'false' && steps.vars.outputs.is_preview == 'false' }}
-        run: |-
-          # Use npm workspaces so the root lockfile is updated consistently.
-          npm version -w @qwen-code/sdk "${RELEASE_VERSION}" --no-git-tag-version --allow-same-version
-
-      - name: 'Commit and Conditionally Push package version'
         env:
           BRANCH_NAME: '${{ steps.release_branch.outputs.BRANCH_NAME }}'
-          IS_DRY_RUN: '${{ steps.vars.outputs.is_dry_run }}'
           RELEASE_TAG: '${{ steps.version.outputs.RELEASE_TAG }}'
         run: |-
+          # Only persist version bumps after a successful publish.
           git add packages/sdk-typescript/package.json package-lock.json
           if git diff --staged --quiet; then
             echo "No version changes to commit"
           else
             git commit -m "chore(release): sdk-typescript ${RELEASE_TAG}"
           fi
-          if [[ "${IS_DRY_RUN}" == "false" ]]; then
+          echo "Pushing release branch to remote..."
-            echo "Pushing release branch to remote..."
+          git push --set-upstream origin "${BRANCH_NAME}" --follow-tags
-            git push --set-upstream origin "${BRANCH_NAME}" --follow-tags
-          else
-            echo "Dry run enabled. Skipping push."
-          fi
-
-      - name: 'Build SDK'
-        working-directory: 'packages/sdk-typescript'
-        run: |-
-          npm run build
-
-      - name: 'Configure npm for publishing'
-        uses: 'actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020' # ratchet:actions/setup-node@v4
-        with:
-          node-version-file: '.nvmrc'
-          registry-url: 'https://registry.npmjs.org'
-          scope: '@qwen-code'
-
-      - name: 'Publish @qwen-code/sdk'
-        working-directory: 'packages/sdk-typescript'
-        run: |-
-          npm publish --access public --tag=${{ steps.version.outputs.NPM_TAG }} ${{ steps.vars.outputs.is_dry_run == 'true' && '--dry-run' || '' }}
-        env:
-          NODE_AUTH_TOKEN: '${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}'
 
       - name: 'Create GitHub Release and Tag'
         if: |-
@@ -220,16 +216,29 @@ jobs:
           RELEASE_BRANCH: '${{ steps.release_branch.outputs.BRANCH_NAME }}'
           RELEASE_TAG: '${{ steps.version.outputs.RELEASE_TAG }}'
           PREVIOUS_RELEASE_TAG: '${{ steps.version.outputs.PREVIOUS_RELEASE_TAG }}'
+          IS_NIGHTLY: '${{ steps.vars.outputs.is_nightly }}'
+          IS_PREVIEW: '${{ steps.vars.outputs.is_preview }}'
+          REF: '${{ github.event.inputs.ref || github.sha }}'
         run: |-
+          # For stable releases, use the release branch; for nightly/preview, use the current ref
+          if [[ "${IS_NIGHTLY}" == "true" || "${IS_PREVIEW}" == "true" ]]; then
+            TARGET="${REF}"
+            PRERELEASE_FLAG="--prerelease"
+          else
+            TARGET="${RELEASE_BRANCH}"
+            PRERELEASE_FLAG=""
+          fi
+
           gh release create "sdk-typescript-${RELEASE_TAG}" \
-            --target "$RELEASE_BRANCH" \
+            --target "${TARGET}" \
             --title "SDK TypeScript Release ${RELEASE_TAG}" \
             --notes-start-tag "sdk-typescript-${PREVIOUS_RELEASE_TAG}" \
-            --generate-notes
+            --generate-notes \
+            ${PRERELEASE_FLAG}
 
       - name: 'Create PR to merge release branch into main'
         if: |-
-          ${{ steps.vars.outputs.is_dry_run == 'false' }}
+          ${{ steps.vars.outputs.is_dry_run == 'false' && steps.vars.outputs.is_nightly == 'false' && steps.vars.outputs.is_preview == 'false' }}
         id: 'pr'
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: '${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}'
@@ -251,7 +260,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: 'Wait for CI checks to complete'
         if: |-
-          ${{ steps.vars.outputs.is_dry_run == 'false' }}
+          ${{ steps.vars.outputs.is_dry_run == 'false' && steps.vars.outputs.is_nightly == 'false' && steps.vars.outputs.is_preview == 'false' }}
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: '${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}'
           PR_URL: '${{ steps.pr.outputs.PR_URL }}'
@@ -262,7 +271,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: 'Enable auto-merge for release PR'
         if: |-
-          ${{ steps.vars.outputs.is_dry_run == 'false' }}
+          ${{ steps.vars.outputs.is_dry_run == 'false' && steps.vars.outputs.is_nightly == 'false' && steps.vars.outputs.is_preview == 'false' }}
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: '${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}'
           PR_URL: '${{ steps.pr.outputs.PR_URL }}'

README.md

@@ -191,6 +191,7 @@ See [settings](https://qwenlm.github.io/qwen-code-docs/en/users/configuration/se
 
 Looking for a graphical interface?
 
+- [**AionUi**](https://github.com/iOfficeAI/AionUi) A modern GUI for command-line AI tools including Qwen Code
 - [**Gemini CLI Desktop**](https://github.com/Piebald-AI/gemini-cli-desktop) A cross-platform desktop/web/mobile UI for Qwen Code
 
 ## Troubleshooting

docs/users/features/_meta.ts

@@ -10,4 +10,5 @@ export default {
   mcp: 'MCP',
   'token-caching': 'Token Caching',
   sandbox: 'Sandboxing',
+  language: 'i18n',
 };

docs/users/features/commands.md

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Commands specifically for controlling interface and output language.
 | → `ui [language]`     | Set UI interface language        | `/language ui zh-CN`       |
 | → `output [language]` | Set LLM output language          | `/language output Chinese` |
 
-- Available UI languages: `zh-CN` (Simplified Chinese), `en-US` (English)
+- Available built-in UI languages: `zh-CN` (Simplified Chinese), `en-US` (English), `ru-RU` (Russian), `de-DE` (German)
 - Output language examples: `Chinese`, `English`, `Japanese`, etc.
 
 ### 1.4 Tool and Model Management
@@ -72,17 +72,16 @@ Commands for managing AI tools and models.
 
 Commands for obtaining information and performing system settings.
 
-| Command         | Description                                     | Usage Examples                                   |
+| Command     | Description                                     | Usage Examples                   |
-| --------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ |
+| ----------- | ----------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------- |
-| `/help`         | Display help information for available commands | `/help` or `/?`                                  |
+| `/help`     | Display help information for available commands | `/help` or `/?`                  |
-| `/about`        | Display version information                     | `/about`                                         |
+| `/about`    | Display version information                     | `/about`                         |
-| `/stats`        | Display detailed statistics for current session | `/stats`                                         |
+| `/stats`    | Display detailed statistics for current session | `/stats`                         |
-| `/settings`     | Open settings editor                            | `/settings`                                      |
+| `/settings` | Open settings editor                            | `/settings`                      |
-| `/auth`         | Change authentication method                    | `/auth`                                          |
+| `/auth`     | Change authentication method                    | `/auth`                          |
-| `/bug`          | Submit issue about Qwen Code                    | `/bug Button click unresponsive`                 |
+| `/bug`      | Submit issue about Qwen Code                    | `/bug Button click unresponsive` |
-| `/copy`         | Copy last output content to clipboard           | `/copy`                                          |
+| `/copy`     | Copy last output content to clipboard           | `/copy`                          |
-| `/quit-confirm` | Show confirmation dialog before quitting        | `/quit-confirm` (shortcut: press `Ctrl+C` twice) |
+| `/quit`     | Exit Qwen Code immediately                      | `/quit` or `/exit`               |
-| `/quit`         | Exit Qwen Code immediately                      | `/quit` or `/exit`                               |
 
 ### 1.6 Common Shortcuts
 

docs/users/features/language.md

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+# Internationalization (i18n) & Language
+
+Qwen Code is built for multilingual workflows: it supports UI localization (i18n/l10n) in the CLI, lets you choose the assistant output language, and allows custom UI language packs.
+
+## Overview
+
+From a user point of view, Qwen Code’s “internationalization” spans multiple layers:
+
+| Capability / Setting     | What it controls                                                       | Where stored                 |
+| ------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
+| `/language ui`           | Terminal UI text (menus, system messages, prompts)                     | `~/.qwen/settings.json`      |
+| `/language output`       | Language the AI responds in (an output preference, not UI translation) | `~/.qwen/output-language.md` |
+| Custom UI language packs | Overrides/extends built-in UI translations                             | `~/.qwen/locales/*.js`       |
+
+## UI Language
+
+This is the CLI’s UI localization layer (i18n/l10n): it controls the language of menus, prompts, and system messages.
+
+### Setting the UI Language
+
+Use the `/language ui` command:
+
+```bash
+/language ui zh-CN    # Chinese
+/language ui en-US    # English
+/language ui ru-RU    # Russian
+/language ui de-DE    # German
+```
+
+Aliases are also supported:
+
+```bash
+/language ui zh       # Chinese
+/language ui en       # English
+/language ui ru       # Russian
+/language ui de       # German
+```
+
+### Auto-detection
+
+On first startup, Qwen Code detects your system locale and sets the UI language automatically.
+
+Detection priority:
+
+1. `QWEN_CODE_LANG` environment variable
+2. `LANG` environment variable
+3. System locale via JavaScript Intl API
+4. Default: English
+
+## LLM Output Language
+
+The LLM output language controls what language the AI assistant responds in, regardless of what language you type your questions in.
+
+### How It Works
+
+The LLM output language is controlled by a rule file at `~/.qwen/output-language.md`. This file is automatically included in the LLM's context during startup, instructing it to respond in the specified language.
+
+### Auto-detection
+
+On first startup, if no `output-language.md` file exists, Qwen Code automatically creates one based on your system locale. For example:
+
+- System locale `zh` creates a rule for Chinese responses
+- System locale `en` creates a rule for English responses
+- System locale `ru` creates a rule for Russian responses
+- System locale `de` creates a rule for German responses
+
+### Manual Setting
+
+Use `/language output <language>` to change:
+
+```bash
+/language output Chinese
+/language output English
+/language output Japanese
+/language output German
+```
+
+Any language name works. The LLM will be instructed to respond in that language.
+
+> [!note]
+>
+> After changing the output language, restart Qwen Code for the change to take effect.
+
+### File Location
+
+```
+~/.qwen/output-language.md
+```
+
+## Configuration
+
+### Via Settings Dialog
+
+1. Run `/settings`
+2. Find "Language" under General
+3. Select your preferred UI language
+
+### Via Environment Variable
+
+```bash
+export QWEN_CODE_LANG=zh
+```
+
+This influences auto-detection on first startup (if you haven’t set a UI language and no `output-language.md` file exists yet).
+
+## Custom Language Packs
+
+For UI translations, you can create custom language packs in `~/.qwen/locales/`:
+
+- Example: `~/.qwen/locales/es.js` for Spanish
+- Example: `~/.qwen/locales/fr.js` for French
+
+User directory takes precedence over built-in translations.
+
+> [!tip]
+>
+> Contributions are welcome! If you’d like to improve built-in translations or add new languages.
+> For a concrete example, see [PR #1238: feat(i18n): add Russian language support](https://github.com/QwenLM/qwen-code/pull/1238).
+
+### Language Pack Format
+
+```javascript
+// ~/.qwen/locales/es.js
+export default {
+  Hello: 'Hola',
+  Settings: 'Configuracion',
+  // ... more translations
+};
+```
+
+## Related Commands
+
+- `/language` - Show current language settings
+- `/language ui [lang]` - Set UI language
+- `/language output <language>` - Set LLM output language
+- `/settings` - Open settings dialog

docs/users/overview.md

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 # Qwen Code overview
+[![@qwen-code/qwen-code downloads](https://img.shields.io/npm/dw/@qwen-code/qwen-code.svg)](https://npm-compare.com/@qwen-code/qwen-code) 
+[![@qwen-code/qwen-code version](https://img.shields.io/npm/v/@qwen-code/qwen-code.svg)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@qwen-code/qwen-code)
 
 > Learn about Qwen Code, Qwen's agentic coding tool that lives in your terminal and helps you turn ideas into code faster than ever before.
 
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ You'll be prompted to log in on first use. That's it! [Continue with Quickstart
 
 > [!note]
 >
-> **New VS Code Extension (Beta)**: Prefer a graphical interface? Our new **VS Code extension** provides an easy-to-use native IDE experience without requiring terminal familiarity. Simply install from the marketplace and start coding with Qwen Code directly in your sidebar. You can search for **Qwen Code** in the VS Code Marketplace and download it.
+> **New VS Code Extension (Beta)**: Prefer a graphical interface? Our new **VS Code extension** provides an easy-to-use native IDE experience without requiring terminal familiarity. Simply install from the marketplace and start coding with Qwen Code directly in your sidebar. Download and install the [Qwen Code Companion](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=qwenlm.qwen-code-vscode-ide-companion) now.
 
 ## What Qwen Code does for you
 

eslint.config.js

@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ export default tseslint.config(
       '.integration-tests/**',
       'packages/**/.integration-test/**',
       'dist/**',
+      'docs-site/.next/**',
+      'docs-site/out/**',
     ],
   },
   eslint.configs.recommended,

integration-tests/file-system.test.ts

@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
  */
 
 import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
-import { existsSync } from 'node:fs';
-import * as path from 'node:path';
 import { TestRig, printDebugInfo, validateModelOutput } from './test-helper.js';
 
 describe('file-system', () => {
@@ -202,8 +200,8 @@ describe('file-system', () => {
     const readAttempt = toolLogs.find(
       (log) => log.toolRequest.name === 'read_file',
     );
-    const writeAttempt = toolLogs.find(
+    const editAttempt = toolLogs.find(
-      (log) => log.toolRequest.name === 'write_file',
+      (log) => log.toolRequest.name === 'edit_file',
     );
     const successfulReplace = toolLogs.find(
       (log) => log.toolRequest.name === 'replace' && log.toolRequest.success,
@@ -226,15 +224,15 @@ describe('file-system', () => {
 
     // CRITICAL: Verify that no matter what the model did, it never successfully
     // wrote or replaced anything.
-    if (writeAttempt) {
+    if (editAttempt) {
       console.error(
-        'A write_file attempt was made when no file should be written.',
+        'A edit_file attempt was made when no file should be written.',
       );
       printDebugInfo(rig, result);
     }
     expect(
-      writeAttempt,
+      editAttempt,
-      'write_file should not have been called',
+      'edit_file should not have been called',
     ).toBeUndefined();
 
     if (successfulReplace) {
@@ -245,12 +243,5 @@ describe('file-system', () => {
       successfulReplace,
       'A successful replace should not have occurred',
     ).toBeUndefined();
-
-    // Final verification: ensure the file was not created.
-    const filePath = path.join(rig.testDir!, fileName);
-    const fileExists = existsSync(filePath);
-    expect(fileExists, 'The non-existent file should not be created').toBe(
-      false,
-    );
   });
 });

integration-tests/sdk-typescript/permission-control.test.ts

@@ -952,7 +952,8 @@ describe('Permission Control (E2E)', () => {
         TEST_TIMEOUT,
       );
 
-      it(
+      // FIXME: This test is flaky and sometimes fails with no tool calls.
+      it.skip(
         'should allow read-only tools without restrictions',
         async () => {
           // Create test files for the model to read

integration-tests/sdk-typescript/system-control.test.ts

@@ -314,4 +314,88 @@ describe('System Control (E2E)', () => {
       );
     });
   });
+
+  describe('supportedCommands API', () => {
+    it('should return list of supported slash commands', async () => {
+      const sessionId = crypto.randomUUID();
+      const generator = (async function* () {
+        yield {
+          type: 'user',
+          session_id: sessionId,
+          message: { role: 'user', content: 'Hello' },
+          parent_tool_use_id: null,
+        } as SDKUserMessage;
+      })();
+
+      const q = query({
+        prompt: generator,
+        options: {
+          ...SHARED_TEST_OPTIONS,
+          cwd: testDir,
+          model: 'qwen3-max',
+          debug: false,
+        },
+      });
+
+      try {
+        const result = await q.supportedCommands();
+        // Start consuming messages to trigger initialization
+        const messageConsumer = (async () => {
+          try {
+            for await (const _message of q) {
+              // Just consume messages
+            }
+          } catch (error) {
+            // Ignore errors from query being closed
+            if (error instanceof Error && error.message !== 'Query is closed') {
+              throw error;
+            }
+          }
+        })();
+
+        // Verify result structure
+        expect(result).toBeDefined();
+        expect(result).toHaveProperty('commands');
+        expect(Array.isArray(result?.['commands'])).toBe(true);
+
+        const commands = result?.['commands'] as string[];
+
+        // Verify default allowed built-in commands are present
+        expect(commands).toContain('init');
+        expect(commands).toContain('summary');
+        expect(commands).toContain('compress');
+
+        // Verify commands are sorted
+        const sortedCommands = [...commands].sort();
+        expect(commands).toEqual(sortedCommands);
+
+        // Verify all commands are strings
+        commands.forEach((cmd) => {
+          expect(typeof cmd).toBe('string');
+          expect(cmd.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+        });
+
+        await q.close();
+        await messageConsumer;
+      } catch (error) {
+        await q.close();
+        throw error;
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error when supportedCommands is called on closed query', async () => {
+      const q = query({
+        prompt: 'Hello',
+        options: {
+          ...SHARED_TEST_OPTIONS,
+          cwd: testDir,
+          model: 'qwen3-max',
+        },
+      });
+
+      await q.close();
+
+      await expect(q.supportedCommands()).rejects.toThrow('Query is closed');
+    });
+  });
 });

packages/cli/src/acp-integration/acp.ts

@@ -98,6 +98,14 @@ export class AgentSideConnection implements Client {
     );
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Sends a custom notification to the client.
+   * Used for extension-specific notifications that are not part of the core ACP protocol.
+   */
+  async sendCustomNotification<T>(method: string, params: T): Promise<void> {
+    return await this.#connection.sendNotification(method, params);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Request permission before running a tool
    *
@@ -374,6 +382,7 @@ export interface Client {
   ): Promise<schema.RequestPermissionResponse>;
   sessionUpdate(params: schema.SessionNotification): Promise<void>;
   authenticateUpdate(params: schema.AuthenticateUpdate): Promise<void>;
+  sendCustomNotification<T>(method: string, params: T): Promise<void>;
   writeTextFile(
     params: schema.WriteTextFileRequest,
   ): Promise<schema.WriteTextFileResponse>;

packages/cli/src/acp-integration/acpAgent.ts

@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ import {
   qwenOAuth2Events,
   MCPServerConfig,
   SessionService,
-  buildApiHistoryFromConversation,
   type Config,
   type ConversationRecord,
   type DeviceAuthorizationData,
+  tokenLimit,
 } from '@qwen-code/qwen-code-core';
 import type { ApprovalModeValue } from './schema.js';
 import * as acp from './acp.js';
@@ -165,9 +165,30 @@ class GeminiAgent {
     this.setupFileSystem(config);
 
     const session = await this.createAndStoreSession(config);
+    const configuredModel = (
+      config.getModel() ||
+      this.config.getModel() ||
+      ''
+    ).trim();
+    const modelId = configuredModel || 'default';
+    const modelName = configuredModel || modelId;
 
     return {
       sessionId: session.getId(),
+      models: {
+        currentModelId: modelId,
+        availableModels: [
+          {
+            modelId,
+            name: modelName,
+            description: null,
+            _meta: {
+              contextLimit: tokenLimit(modelId),
+            },
+          },
+        ],
+        _meta: null,
+      },
     };
   }
 
@@ -327,12 +348,20 @@ class GeminiAgent {
     const sessionId = config.getSessionId();
     const geminiClient = config.getGeminiClient();
 
-    const history = conversation
+    // Use GeminiClient to manage chat lifecycle properly
-      ? buildApiHistoryFromConversation(conversation)
+    // This ensures geminiClient.chat is in sync with the session's chat
-      : undefined;
+    //
-    const chat = history
+    // Note: When loading a session, config.initialize() has already been called
-      ? await geminiClient.startChat(history)
+    // in newSessionConfig(), which in turn calls geminiClient.initialize().
-      : await geminiClient.startChat();
+    // The GeminiClient.initialize() method checks config.getResumedSessionData()
+    // and automatically loads the conversation history into the chat instance.
+    // So we only need to initialize if it hasn't been done yet.
+    if (!geminiClient.isInitialized()) {
+      await geminiClient.initialize();
+    }
+
+    // Now get the chat instance that's managed by GeminiClient
+    const chat = geminiClient.getChat();
 
     const session = new Session(
       sessionId,

packages/cli/src/acp-integration/schema.ts

@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ export type ModeInfo = z.infer<typeof modeInfoSchema>;
 export type ModesData = z.infer<typeof modesDataSchema>;
 
 export type AgentInfo = z.infer<typeof agentInfoSchema>;
+export type ModelInfo = z.infer<typeof modelInfoSchema>;
 
 export type PromptCapabilities = z.infer<typeof promptCapabilitiesSchema>;
 
@@ -254,8 +255,26 @@ export const authenticateUpdateSchema = z.object({
 
 export type AuthenticateUpdate = z.infer<typeof authenticateUpdateSchema>;
 
+export const acpMetaSchema = z.record(z.unknown()).nullable().optional();
+
+export const modelIdSchema = z.string();
+
+export const modelInfoSchema = z.object({
+  _meta: acpMetaSchema,
+  description: z.string().nullable().optional(),
+  modelId: modelIdSchema,
+  name: z.string(),
+});
+
+export const sessionModelStateSchema = z.object({
+  _meta: acpMetaSchema,
+  availableModels: z.array(modelInfoSchema),
+  currentModelId: modelIdSchema,
+});
+
 export const newSessionResponseSchema = z.object({
   sessionId: z.string(),
+  models: sessionModelStateSchema,
 });
 
 export const loadSessionResponseSchema = z.null();
@@ -514,6 +533,13 @@ export const currentModeUpdateSchema = z.object({
 
 export type CurrentModeUpdate = z.infer<typeof currentModeUpdateSchema>;
 
+export const currentModelUpdateSchema = z.object({
+  sessionUpdate: z.literal('current_model_update'),
+  model: modelInfoSchema,
+});
+
+export type CurrentModelUpdate = z.infer<typeof currentModelUpdateSchema>;
+
 export const sessionUpdateSchema = z.union([
   z.object({
     content: contentBlockSchema,
@@ -555,6 +581,7 @@ export const sessionUpdateSchema = z.union([
     sessionUpdate: z.literal('plan'),
   }),
   currentModeUpdateSchema,
+  currentModelUpdateSchema,
   availableCommandsUpdateSchema,
 ]);
 

packages/cli/src/acp-integration/session/Session.ts

@@ -41,9 +41,11 @@ import * as fs from 'node:fs/promises';
 import * as path from 'node:path';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 import { getErrorMessage } from '../../utils/errors.js';
+import { normalizePartList } from '../../utils/nonInteractiveHelpers.js';
 import {
   handleSlashCommand,
   getAvailableCommands,
+  type NonInteractiveSlashCommandResult,
 } from '../../nonInteractiveCliCommands.js';
 import type {
   AvailableCommand,
@@ -63,12 +65,6 @@ import { PlanEmitter } from './emitters/PlanEmitter.js';
 import { MessageEmitter } from './emitters/MessageEmitter.js';
 import { SubAgentTracker } from './SubAgentTracker.js';
 
-/**
- * Built-in commands that are allowed in ACP integration mode.
- * Only safe, read-only commands that don't require interactive UI.
- */
-export const ALLOWED_BUILTIN_COMMANDS_FOR_ACP = ['init'];
-
 /**
  * Session represents an active conversation session with the AI model.
  * It uses modular components for consistent event emission:
@@ -167,24 +163,26 @@ export class Session implements SessionContext {
     const firstTextBlock = params.prompt.find((block) => block.type === 'text');
     const inputText = firstTextBlock?.text || '';
 
-    let parts: Part[];
+    let parts: Part[] | null;
 
     if (isSlashCommand(inputText)) {
-      // Handle slash command - allow specific built-in commands for ACP integration
+      // Handle slash command - uses default allowed commands (init, summary, compress)
       const slashCommandResult = await handleSlashCommand(
         inputText,
         pendingSend,
         this.config,
         this.settings,
-        ALLOWED_BUILTIN_COMMANDS_FOR_ACP,
       );
 
-      if (slashCommandResult) {
+      parts = await this.#processSlashCommandResult(
-        // Use the result from the slash command
+        slashCommandResult,
-        parts = slashCommandResult as Part[];
+        params.prompt,
-      } else {
+      );
-        // Slash command didn't return a prompt, continue with normal processing
+
-        parts = await this.#resolvePrompt(params.prompt, pendingSend.signal);
+      // If parts is null, the command was fully handled (e.g., /summary completed)
+      // Return early without sending to the model
+      if (parts === null) {
+        return { stopReason: 'end_turn' };
       }
     } else {
       // Normal processing for non-slash commands
@@ -295,11 +293,10 @@ export class Session implements SessionContext {
   async sendAvailableCommandsUpdate(): Promise<void> {
     const abortController = new AbortController();
     try {
+      // Use default allowed commands from getAvailableCommands
       const slashCommands = await getAvailableCommands(
         this.config,
-        this.settings,
         abortController.signal,
-        ALLOWED_BUILTIN_COMMANDS_FOR_ACP,
       );
 
       // Convert SlashCommand[] to AvailableCommand[] format for ACP protocol
@@ -647,6 +644,103 @@ export class Session implements SessionContext {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Processes the result of a slash command execution.
+   *
+   * Supported result types in ACP mode:
+   * - submit_prompt: Submits content to the model
+   * - stream_messages: Streams multiple messages to the client (ACP-specific)
+   * - unsupported: Command cannot be executed in ACP mode
+   * - no_command: No command was found, use original prompt
+   *
+   * Note: 'message' type is not supported in ACP mode - commands should use
+   * 'stream_messages' instead for consistent async handling.
+   *
+   * @param result The result from handleSlashCommand
+   * @param originalPrompt The original prompt blocks
+   * @returns Parts to use for the prompt, or null if command was handled without needing model interaction
+   */
+  async #processSlashCommandResult(
+    result: NonInteractiveSlashCommandResult,
+    originalPrompt: acp.ContentBlock[],
+  ): Promise<Part[] | null> {
+    switch (result.type) {
+      case 'submit_prompt':
+        // Command wants to submit a prompt to the model
+        // Convert PartListUnion to Part[]
+        return normalizePartList(result.content);
+
+      case 'message': {
+        // 'message' type is not ideal for ACP mode, but we handle it for compatibility
+        // by converting it to a stream_messages-like notification
+        await this.client.sendCustomNotification('_qwencode/slash_command', {
+          sessionId: this.sessionId,
+          command: originalPrompt
+            .filter((block) => block.type === 'text')
+            .map((block) => (block.type === 'text' ? block.text : ''))
+            .join(' '),
+          messageType: result.messageType,
+          message: result.content || '',
+        });
+
+        if (result.messageType === 'error') {
+          // Throw error to stop execution
+          throw new Error(result.content || 'Slash command failed.');
+        }
+        // For info messages, return null to indicate command was handled
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      case 'stream_messages': {
+        // Command returns multiple messages via async generator (ACP-preferred)
+        const command = originalPrompt
+          .filter((block) => block.type === 'text')
+          .map((block) => (block.type === 'text' ? block.text : ''))
+          .join(' ');
+
+        // Stream all messages to the client
+        for await (const msg of result.messages) {
+          await this.client.sendCustomNotification('_qwencode/slash_command', {
+            sessionId: this.sessionId,
+            command,
+            messageType: msg.messageType,
+            message: msg.content,
+          });
+
+          // If we encounter an error message, throw after sending
+          if (msg.messageType === 'error') {
+            throw new Error(msg.content || 'Slash command failed.');
+          }
+        }
+
+        // All messages sent successfully, return null to indicate command was handled
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      case 'unsupported': {
+        // Command returned an unsupported result type
+        const unsupportedError = `Slash command not supported in ACP integration: ${result.reason}`;
+        throw new Error(unsupportedError);
+      }
+
+      case 'no_command':
+        // No command was found or executed, use original prompt
+        return originalPrompt.map((block) => {
+          if (block.type === 'text') {
+            return { text: block.text };
+          }
+          throw new Error(`Unsupported block type: ${block.type}`);
+        });
+
+      default: {
+        // Exhaustiveness check
+        const _exhaustive: never = result;
+        const unknownError = `Unknown slash command result type: ${(_exhaustive as NonInteractiveSlashCommandResult).type}`;
+        throw new Error(unknownError);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   async #resolvePrompt(
     message: acp.ContentBlock[],
     abortSignal: AbortSignal,

packages/cli/src/core/initializer.ts

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import { type LoadedSettings, SettingScope } from '../config/settings.js';
 import { performInitialAuth } from './auth.js';
 import { validateTheme } from './theme.js';
 import { initializeI18n } from '../i18n/index.js';
+import { initializeLlmOutputLanguage } from '../ui/commands/languageCommand.js';
 
 export interface InitializationResult {
   authError: string | null;
@@ -41,6 +42,9 @@ export async function initializeApp(
     'auto';
   await initializeI18n(languageSetting);
 
+  // Auto-detect and set LLM output language on first use
+  initializeLlmOutputLanguage();
+
   const authType = settings.merged.security?.auth?.selectedType;
   const authError = await performInitialAuth(config, authType);
 

packages/cli/src/i18n/index.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * @license
- * Copyright 2025 Qwen
+ * Copyright 2025 Qwen team
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
 
@@ -8,15 +8,21 @@ import * as fs from 'node:fs';
 import * as path from 'node:path';
 import { fileURLToPath, pathToFileURL } from 'node:url';
 import { homedir } from 'node:os';
+import {
+  type SupportedLanguage,
+  getLanguageNameFromLocale,
+} from './languages.js';
 
-export type SupportedLanguage = 'en' | 'zh' | 'ru' | string; // Allow custom language codes
+export type { SupportedLanguage };
+export { getLanguageNameFromLocale };
 
 // State
 let currentLanguage: SupportedLanguage = 'en';
-let translations: Record<string, string> = {};
+let translations: Record<string, string | string[]> = {};
 
 // Cache
-type TranslationDict = Record<string, string>;
+type TranslationValue = string | string[];
+type TranslationDict = Record<string, TranslationValue>;
 const translationCache: Record<string, TranslationDict> = {};
 const loadingPromises: Record<string, Promise<TranslationDict>> = {};
 
@@ -52,11 +58,13 @@ export function detectSystemLanguage(): SupportedLanguage {
   if (envLang?.startsWith('zh')) return 'zh';
   if (envLang?.startsWith('en')) return 'en';
   if (envLang?.startsWith('ru')) return 'ru';
+  if (envLang?.startsWith('de')) return 'de';
 
   try {
     const locale = Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().locale;
     if (locale.startsWith('zh')) return 'zh';
     if (locale.startsWith('ru')) return 'ru';
+    if (locale.startsWith('de')) return 'de';
   } catch {
     // Fallback to default
   }
@@ -224,9 +232,25 @@ export function getCurrentLanguage(): SupportedLanguage {
 
 export function t(key: string, params?: Record<string, string>): string {
   const translation = translations[key] ?? key;
+  if (Array.isArray(translation)) {
+    return key;
+  }
   return interpolate(translation, params);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Get a translation that is an array of strings.
+ * @param key The translation key
+ * @returns The array of strings, or an empty array if not found or not an array
+ */
+export function ta(key: string): string[] {
+  const translation = translations[key];
+  if (Array.isArray(translation)) {
+    return translation;
+  }
+  return [];
+}
+
 export async function initializeI18n(
   lang?: SupportedLanguage | 'auto',
 ): Promise<void> {

packages/cli/src/i18n/languages.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2025 Qwen team
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+export type SupportedLanguage = 'en' | 'zh' | 'ru' | 'de' | string;
+
+export interface LanguageDefinition {
+  /** The internal locale code used by the i18n system (e.g., 'en', 'zh'). */
+  code: SupportedLanguage;
+  /** The standard name used in UI settings (e.g., 'en-US', 'zh-CN'). */
+  id: string;
+  /** The full English name of the language (e.g., 'English', 'Chinese'). */
+  fullName: string;
+}
+
+export const SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES: readonly LanguageDefinition[] = [
+  {
+    code: 'en',
+    id: 'en-US',
+    fullName: 'English',
+  },
+  {
+    code: 'zh',
+    id: 'zh-CN',
+    fullName: 'Chinese',
+  },
+  {
+    code: 'ru',
+    id: 'ru-RU',
+    fullName: 'Russian',
+  },
+  {
+    code: 'de',
+    id: 'de-DE',
+    fullName: 'German',
+  },
+];
+
+/**
+ * Maps a locale code to its English language name.
+ * Used for LLM output language instructions.
+ */
+export function getLanguageNameFromLocale(locale: SupportedLanguage): string {
+  const lang = SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.find((l) => l.code === locale);
+  return lang?.fullName || 'English';
+}

packages/cli/src/i18n/locales/en.js

@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ export default {
   'Theme "{{themeName}}" not found.': 'Theme "{{themeName}}" not found.',
   'Theme "{{themeName}}" not found in selected scope.':
     'Theme "{{themeName}}" not found in selected scope.',
-  'clear the screen and conversation history':
+  'Clear conversation history and free up context':
-    'clear the screen and conversation history',
+    'Clear conversation history and free up context',
   'Compresses the context by replacing it with a summary.':
     'Compresses the context by replacing it with a summary.',
   'open full Qwen Code documentation in your browser':
@@ -258,6 +258,8 @@ export default {
   ', Tab to change focus': ', Tab to change focus',
   'To see changes, Qwen Code must be restarted. Press r to exit and apply changes now.':
     'To see changes, Qwen Code must be restarted. Press r to exit and apply changes now.',
+  'The command "/{{command}}" is not supported in non-interactive mode.':
+    'The command "/{{command}}" is not supported in non-interactive mode.',
   // ============================================================================
   // Settings Labels
   // ============================================================================
@@ -590,6 +592,12 @@ export default {
   'No conversation found to summarize.': 'No conversation found to summarize.',
   'Failed to generate project context summary: {{error}}':
     'Failed to generate project context summary: {{error}}',
+  'Saved project summary to {{filePathForDisplay}}.':
+    'Saved project summary to {{filePathForDisplay}}.',
+  'Saving project summary...': 'Saving project summary...',
+  'Generating project summary...': 'Generating project summary...',
+  'Failed to generate summary - no text content received from LLM response':
+    'Failed to generate summary - no text content received from LLM response',
 
   // ============================================================================
   // Commands - Model
@@ -604,9 +612,10 @@ export default {
   // ============================================================================
   // Commands - Clear
   // ============================================================================
-  'Clearing terminal and resetting chat.':
+  'Starting a new session, resetting chat, and clearing terminal.':
-    'Clearing terminal and resetting chat.',
+    'Starting a new session, resetting chat, and clearing terminal.',
-  'Clearing terminal.': 'Clearing terminal.',
+  'Starting a new session and clearing.':
+    'Starting a new session and clearing.',
 
   // ============================================================================
   // Commands - Compress
@@ -927,192 +936,138 @@ export default {
   // ============================================================================
   'Waiting for user confirmation...': 'Waiting for user confirmation...',
   '(esc to cancel, {{time}})': '(esc to cancel, {{time}})',
-  "I'm Feeling Lucky": "I'm Feeling Lucky",
+
-  'Shipping awesomeness... ': 'Shipping awesomeness... ',
+  // ============================================================================
-  'Painting the serifs back on...': 'Painting the serifs back on...',
+  // Loading Phrases
-  'Navigating the slime mold...': 'Navigating the slime mold...',
+  // ============================================================================
-  'Consulting the digital spirits...': 'Consulting the digital spirits...',
+  WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES: [
-  'Reticulating splines...': 'Reticulating splines...',
+    "I'm Feeling Lucky",
-  'Warming up the AI hamsters...': 'Warming up the AI hamsters...',
+    'Shipping awesomeness... ',
-  'Asking the magic conch shell...': 'Asking the magic conch shell...',
+    'Painting the serifs back on...',
-  'Generating witty retort...': 'Generating witty retort...',
+    'Navigating the slime mold...',
-  'Polishing the algorithms...': 'Polishing the algorithms...',
+    'Consulting the digital spirits...',
-  "Don't rush perfection (or my code)...":
+    'Reticulating splines...',
+    'Warming up the AI hamsters...',
+    'Asking the magic conch shell...',
+    'Generating witty retort...',
+    'Polishing the algorithms...',
     "Don't rush perfection (or my code)...",
-  'Brewing fresh bytes...': 'Brewing fresh bytes...',
+    'Brewing fresh bytes...',
-  'Counting electrons...': 'Counting electrons...',
+    'Counting electrons...',
-  'Engaging cognitive processors...': 'Engaging cognitive processors...',
+    'Engaging cognitive processors...',
-  'Checking for syntax errors in the universe...':
     'Checking for syntax errors in the universe...',
-  'One moment, optimizing humor...': 'One moment, optimizing humor...',
+    'One moment, optimizing humor...',
-  'Shuffling punchlines...': 'Shuffling punchlines...',
+    'Shuffling punchlines...',
-  'Untangling neural nets...': 'Untangling neural nets...',
+    'Untangling neural nets...',
-  'Compiling brilliance...': 'Compiling brilliance...',
+    'Compiling brilliance...',
-  'Loading wit.exe...': 'Loading wit.exe...',
+    'Loading wit.exe...',
-  'Summoning the cloud of wisdom...': 'Summoning the cloud of wisdom...',
+    'Summoning the cloud of wisdom...',
-  'Preparing a witty response...': 'Preparing a witty response...',
+    'Preparing a witty response...',
-  "Just a sec, I'm debugging reality...":
     "Just a sec, I'm debugging reality...",
-  'Confuzzling the options...': 'Confuzzling the options...',
+    'Confuzzling the options...',
-  'Tuning the cosmic frequencies...': 'Tuning the cosmic frequencies...',
+    'Tuning the cosmic frequencies...',
-  'Crafting a response worthy of your patience...':
     'Crafting a response worthy of your patience...',
-  'Compiling the 1s and 0s...': 'Compiling the 1s and 0s...',
+    'Compiling the 1s and 0s...',
-  'Resolving dependencies... and existential crises...':
     'Resolving dependencies... and existential crises...',
-  'Defragmenting memories... both RAM and personal...':
     'Defragmenting memories... both RAM and personal...',
-  'Rebooting the humor module...': 'Rebooting the humor module...',
+    'Rebooting the humor module...',
-  'Caching the essentials (mostly cat memes)...':
     'Caching the essentials (mostly cat memes)...',
-  'Optimizing for ludicrous speed': 'Optimizing for ludicrous speed',
+    'Optimizing for ludicrous speed',
-  "Swapping bits... don't tell the bytes...":
     "Swapping bits... don't tell the bytes...",
-  'Garbage collecting... be right back...':
     'Garbage collecting... be right back...',
-  'Assembling the interwebs...': 'Assembling the interwebs...',
+    'Assembling the interwebs...',
-  'Converting coffee into code...': 'Converting coffee into code...',
+    'Converting coffee into code...',
-  'Updating the syntax for reality...': 'Updating the syntax for reality...',
+    'Updating the syntax for reality...',
-  'Rewiring the synapses...': 'Rewiring the synapses...',
+    'Rewiring the synapses...',
-  'Looking for a misplaced semicolon...':
     'Looking for a misplaced semicolon...',
-  "Greasin' the cogs of the machine...": "Greasin' the cogs of the machine...",
+    "Greasin' the cogs of the machine...",
-  'Pre-heating the servers...': 'Pre-heating the servers...',
+    'Pre-heating the servers...',
-  'Calibrating the flux capacitor...': 'Calibrating the flux capacitor...',
+    'Calibrating the flux capacitor...',
-  'Engaging the improbability drive...': 'Engaging the improbability drive...',
+    'Engaging the improbability drive...',
-  'Channeling the Force...': 'Channeling the Force...',
+    'Channeling the Force...',
-  'Aligning the stars for optimal response...':
     'Aligning the stars for optimal response...',
-  'So say we all...': 'So say we all...',
+    'So say we all...',
-  'Loading the next great idea...': 'Loading the next great idea...',
+    'Loading the next great idea...',
-  "Just a moment, I'm in the zone...": "Just a moment, I'm in the zone...",
+    "Just a moment, I'm in the zone...",
-  'Preparing to dazzle you with brilliance...':
     'Preparing to dazzle you with brilliance...',
-  "Just a tick, I'm polishing my wit...":
     "Just a tick, I'm polishing my wit...",
-  "Hold tight, I'm crafting a masterpiece...":
     "Hold tight, I'm crafting a masterpiece...",
-  "Just a jiffy, I'm debugging the universe...":
     "Just a jiffy, I'm debugging the universe...",
-  "Just a moment, I'm aligning the pixels...":
     "Just a moment, I'm aligning the pixels...",
-  "Just a sec, I'm optimizing the humor...":
     "Just a sec, I'm optimizing the humor...",
-  "Just a moment, I'm tuning the algorithms...":
     "Just a moment, I'm tuning the algorithms...",
-  'Warp speed engaged...': 'Warp speed engaged...',
+    'Warp speed engaged...',
-  'Mining for more Dilithium crystals...':
     'Mining for more Dilithium crystals...',
-  "Don't panic...": "Don't panic...",
+    "Don't panic...",
-  'Following the white rabbit...': 'Following the white rabbit...',
+    'Following the white rabbit...',
-  'The truth is in here... somewhere...':
     'The truth is in here... somewhere...',
-  'Blowing on the cartridge...': 'Blowing on the cartridge...',
+    'Blowing on the cartridge...',
-  'Loading... Do a barrel roll!': 'Loading... Do a barrel roll!',
+    'Loading... Do a barrel roll!',
-  'Waiting for the respawn...': 'Waiting for the respawn...',
+    'Waiting for the respawn...',
-  'Finishing the Kessel Run in less than 12 parsecs...':
     'Finishing the Kessel Run in less than 12 parsecs...',
-  "The cake is not a lie, it's just still loading...":
     "The cake is not a lie, it's just still loading...",
-  'Fiddling with the character creation screen...':
     'Fiddling with the character creation screen...',
-  "Just a moment, I'm finding the right meme...":
     "Just a moment, I'm finding the right meme...",
-  "Pressing 'A' to continue...": "Pressing 'A' to continue...",
+    "Pressing 'A' to continue...",
-  'Herding digital cats...': 'Herding digital cats...',
+    'Herding digital cats...',
-  'Polishing the pixels...': 'Polishing the pixels...',
+    'Polishing the pixels...',
-  'Finding a suitable loading screen pun...':
     'Finding a suitable loading screen pun...',
-  'Distracting you with this witty phrase...':
     'Distracting you with this witty phrase...',
-  'Almost there... probably...': 'Almost there... probably...',
+    'Almost there... probably...',
-  'Our hamsters are working as fast as they can...':
     'Our hamsters are working as fast as they can...',
-  'Giving Cloudy a pat on the head...': 'Giving Cloudy a pat on the head...',
+    'Giving Cloudy a pat on the head...',
-  'Petting the cat...': 'Petting the cat...',
+    'Petting the cat...',
-  'Rickrolling my boss...': 'Rickrolling my boss...',
+    'Rickrolling my boss...',
-  'Never gonna give you up, never gonna let you down...':
     'Never gonna give you up, never gonna let you down...',
-  'Slapping the bass...': 'Slapping the bass...',
+    'Slapping the bass...',
-  'Tasting the snozberries...': 'Tasting the snozberries...',
+    'Tasting the snozberries...',
-  "I'm going the distance, I'm going for speed...":
     "I'm going the distance, I'm going for speed...",
-  'Is this the real life? Is this just fantasy?...':
     'Is this the real life? Is this just fantasy?...',
-  "I've got a good feeling about this...":
     "I've got a good feeling about this...",
-  'Poking the bear...': 'Poking the bear...',
+    'Poking the bear...',
-  'Doing research on the latest memes...':
     'Doing research on the latest memes...',
-  'Figuring out how to make this more witty...':
     'Figuring out how to make this more witty...',
-  'Hmmm... let me think...': 'Hmmm... let me think...',
+    'Hmmm... let me think...',
-  'What do you call a fish with no eyes? A fsh...':
     'What do you call a fish with no eyes? A fsh...',
-  'Why did the computer go to therapy? It had too many bytes...':
     'Why did the computer go to therapy? It had too many bytes...',
-  "Why don't programmers like nature? It has too many bugs...":
     "Why don't programmers like nature? It has too many bugs...",
-  'Why do programmers prefer dark mode? Because light attracts bugs...':
     'Why do programmers prefer dark mode? Because light attracts bugs...',
-  'Why did the developer go broke? Because they used up all their cache...':
     'Why did the developer go broke? Because they used up all their cache...',
-  "What can you do with a broken pencil? Nothing, it's pointless...":
     "What can you do with a broken pencil? Nothing, it's pointless...",
-  'Applying percussive maintenance...': 'Applying percussive maintenance...',
+    'Applying percussive maintenance...',
-  'Searching for the correct USB orientation...':
     'Searching for the correct USB orientation...',
-  'Ensuring the magic smoke stays inside the wires...':
     'Ensuring the magic smoke stays inside the wires...',
-  'Rewriting in Rust for no particular reason...':
     'Rewriting in Rust for no particular reason...',
-  'Trying to exit Vim...': 'Trying to exit Vim...',
+    'Trying to exit Vim...',
-  'Spinning up the hamster wheel...': 'Spinning up the hamster wheel...',
+    'Spinning up the hamster wheel...',
-  "That's not a bug, it's an undocumented feature...":
     "That's not a bug, it's an undocumented feature...",
-  'Engage.': 'Engage.',
+    'Engage.',
-  "I'll be back... with an answer.": "I'll be back... with an answer.",
+    "I'll be back... with an answer.",
-  'My other process is a TARDIS...': 'My other process is a TARDIS...',
+    'My other process is a TARDIS...',
-  'Communing with the machine spirit...':
     'Communing with the machine spirit...',
-  'Letting the thoughts marinate...': 'Letting the thoughts marinate...',
+    'Letting the thoughts marinate...',
-  'Just remembered where I put my keys...':
     'Just remembered where I put my keys...',
-  'Pondering the orb...': 'Pondering the orb...',
+    'Pondering the orb...',
-  "I've seen things you people wouldn't believe... like a user who reads loading messages.":
     "I've seen things you people wouldn't believe... like a user who reads loading messages.",
-  'Initiating thoughtful gaze...': 'Initiating thoughtful gaze...',
+    'Initiating thoughtful gaze...',
-  "What's a computer's favorite snack? Microchips.":
     "What's a computer's favorite snack? Microchips.",
-  "Why do Java developers wear glasses? Because they don't C#.":
     "Why do Java developers wear glasses? Because they don't C#.",
-  'Charging the laser... pew pew!': 'Charging the laser... pew pew!',
+    'Charging the laser... pew pew!',
-  'Dividing by zero... just kidding!': 'Dividing by zero... just kidding!',
+    'Dividing by zero... just kidding!',
-  'Looking for an adult superviso... I mean, processing.':
     'Looking for an adult superviso... I mean, processing.',
-  'Making it go beep boop.': 'Making it go beep boop.',
+    'Making it go beep boop.',
-  'Buffering... because even AIs need a moment.':
     'Buffering... because even AIs need a moment.',
-  'Entangling quantum particles for a faster response...':
     'Entangling quantum particles for a faster response...',
-  'Polishing the chrome... on the algorithms.':
     'Polishing the chrome... on the algorithms.',
-  'Are you not entertained? (Working on it!)':
     'Are you not entertained? (Working on it!)',
-  'Summoning the code gremlins... to help, of course.':
     'Summoning the code gremlins... to help, of course.',
-  'Just waiting for the dial-up tone to finish...':
     'Just waiting for the dial-up tone to finish...',
-  'Recalibrating the humor-o-meter.': 'Recalibrating the humor-o-meter.',
+    'Recalibrating the humor-o-meter.',
-  'My other loading screen is even funnier.':
     'My other loading screen is even funnier.',
-  "Pretty sure there's a cat walking on the keyboard somewhere...":
     "Pretty sure there's a cat walking on the keyboard somewhere...",
-  'Enhancing... Enhancing... Still loading.':
     'Enhancing... Enhancing... Still loading.',
-  "It's not a bug, it's a feature... of this loading screen.":
     "It's not a bug, it's a feature... of this loading screen.",
-  'Have you tried turning it off and on again? (The loading screen, not me.)':
     'Have you tried turning it off and on again? (The loading screen, not me.)',
-  'Constructing additional pylons...': 'Constructing additional pylons...',
+    'Constructing additional pylons...',
+  ],
 };

packages/cli/src/i18n/locales/ru.js

@@ -103,8 +103,8 @@ export default {
   'Theme "{{themeName}}" not found.': 'Тема "{{themeName}}" не найдена.',
   'Theme "{{themeName}}" not found in selected scope.':
     'Тема "{{themeName}}" не найдена в выбранной области.',
-  'clear the screen and conversation history':
+  'Clear conversation history and free up context':
-    'Очистка экрана и истории диалога',
+    'Очистить историю диалога и освободить контекст',
   'Compresses the context by replacing it with a summary.':
     'Сжатие контекста заменой на краткую сводку',
   'open full Qwen Code documentation in your browser':
@@ -260,7 +260,8 @@ export default {
   ', Tab to change focus': ', Tab для смены фокуса',
   'To see changes, Qwen Code must be restarted. Press r to exit and apply changes now.':
     'Для применения изменений необходимо перезапустить Qwen Code. Нажмите r для выхода и применения изменений.',
-
+  'The command "/{{command}}" is not supported in non-interactive mode.':
+    'Команда "/{{command}}" не поддерживается в неинтерактивном режиме.',
   // ============================================================================
   // Метки настроек
   // ============================================================================
@@ -313,6 +314,7 @@ export default {
   'Tool Output Truncation Lines': 'Лимит строк вывода инструментов',
   'Folder Trust': 'Доверие к папке',
   'Vision Model Preview': 'Визуальная модель (предпросмотр)',
+  'Tool Schema Compliance': 'Соответствие схеме инструмента',
   // Варианты перечислений настроек
   'Auto (detect from system)': 'Авто (определить из системы)',
   Text: 'Текст',
@@ -341,8 +343,8 @@ export default {
     'Установка предпочитаемого внешнего редактора',
   'Manage extensions': 'Управление расширениями',
   'List active extensions': 'Показать активные расширения',
-  'Update extensions. Usage: update |--all':
+  'Update extensions. Usage: update <extension-names>|--all':
-    'Обновить расширения. Использование: update |--all',
+    'Обновить расширения. Использование: update <extension-names>|--all',
   'manage IDE integration': 'Управление интеграцией с IDE',
   'check status of IDE integration': 'Проверить статус интеграции с IDE',
   'install required IDE companion for {{ideName}}':
@@ -400,7 +402,8 @@ export default {
   'Set LLM output language': 'Установка языка вывода LLM',
   'Usage: /language ui [zh-CN|en-US]':
     'Использование: /language ui [zh-CN|en-US|ru-RU]',
-  'Usage: /language output ': 'Использование: /language output ',
+  'Usage: /language output <language>':
+    'Использование: /language output <language>',
   'Example: /language output 中文': 'Пример: /language output 中文',
   'Example: /language output English': 'Пример: /language output English',
   'Example: /language output 日本語': 'Пример: /language output 日本語',
@@ -417,9 +420,8 @@ export default {
   'To request additional UI language packs, please open an issue on GitHub.':
     'Для запроса дополнительных языковых пакетов интерфейса, пожалуйста, создайте обращение на GitHub.',
   'Available options:': 'Доступные варианты:',
-  ' - zh-CN: Simplified Chinese': ' - zh-CN: Упрощенный китайский',
+  '  - zh-CN: Simplified Chinese': ' - zh-CN: Упрощенный китайский',
-  ' - en-US: English': ' - en-US: Английский',
+  '  - en-US: English': ' - en-US: Английский',
-  ' - ru-RU: Russian': ' - ru-RU: Русский',
   'Set UI language to Simplified Chinese (zh-CN)':
     'Установить язык интерфейса на упрощенный китайский (zh-CN)',
   'Set UI language to English (en-US)':
@@ -435,8 +437,8 @@ export default {
     'Режим подтверждения изменен на: {{mode}}',
   'Approval mode changed to: {{mode}} (saved to {{scope}} settings{{location}})':
     'Режим подтверждения изменен на: {{mode}} (сохранено в настройках {{scope}}{{location}})',
-  'Usage: /approval-mode [--session|--user|--project]':
+  'Usage: /approval-mode <mode> [--session|--user|--project]':
-    'Использование: /approval-mode [--session|--user|--project]',
+    'Использование: /approval-mode <mode> [--session|--user|--project]',
   'Scope subcommands do not accept additional arguments.':
     'Подкоманды области не принимают дополнительных аргументов.',
   'Plan mode - Analyze only, do not modify files or execute commands':
@@ -588,8 +590,8 @@ export default {
     'Ошибка при экспорте диалога: {{error}}',
   'Conversation shared to {{filePath}}': 'Диалог экспортирован в {{filePath}}',
   'No conversation found to share.': 'Нет диалога для экспорта.',
-  'Share the current conversation to a markdown or json file. Usage: /chat share <путь-к-файлу>':
+  'Share the current conversation to a markdown or json file. Usage: /chat share <file>':
-    'Экспортировать текущий диалог в markdown или json файл. Использование: /chat share <путь-к-файлу>',
+    'Экспортировать текущий диалог в markdown или json файл. Использование: /chat share <файл>',
 
   // ============================================================================
   // Команды - Резюме
@@ -604,6 +606,12 @@ export default {
     'Не найдено диалогов для создания сводки.',
   'Failed to generate project context summary: {{error}}':
     'Не удалось сгенерировать сводку контекста проекта: {{error}}',
+  'Saved project summary to {{filePathForDisplay}}.':
+    'Сводка проекта сохранена в {{filePathForDisplay}}',
+  'Saving project summary...': 'Сохранение сводки проекта...',
+  'Generating project summary...': 'Генерация сводки проекта...',
+  'Failed to generate summary - no text content received from LLM response':
+    'Не удалось сгенерировать сводку - не получен текстовый контент из ответа LLM',
 
   // ============================================================================
   // Команды - Модель
@@ -618,8 +626,9 @@ export default {
   // ============================================================================
   // Команды - Очистка
   // ============================================================================
-  'Clearing terminal and resetting chat.': 'Очистка терминала и сброс чата.',
+  'Starting a new session, resetting chat, and clearing terminal.':
-  'Clearing terminal.': 'Очистка терминала.',
+    'Начало новой сессии, сброс чата и очистка терминала.',
+  'Starting a new session and clearing.': 'Начало новой сессии и очистка.',
 
   // ============================================================================
   // Команды - Сжатие
@@ -650,8 +659,8 @@ export default {
     'Команда /directory add не поддерживается в ограничительных профилях песочницы. Пожалуйста, используйте --include-directories при запуске сессии.',
   "Error adding '{{path}}': {{error}}":
     "Ошибка при добавлении '{{path}}': {{error}}",
-  'Successfully added GEMINI.md files from the following directories if there are:\n- {{directories}}':
+  'Successfully added QWEN.md files from the following directories if there are:\n- {{directories}}':
-    'Успешно добавлены файлы GEMINI.md из следующих директорий (если они есть):\n- {{directories}}',
+    'Успешно добавлены файлы QWEN.md из следующих директорий (если они есть):\n- {{directories}}',
   'Error refreshing memory: {{error}}':
     'Ошибка при обновлении памяти: {{error}}',
   'Successfully added directories:\n- {{directories}}':
@@ -884,6 +893,7 @@ export default {
   // Экран выхода / Статистика
   // ============================================================================
   'Agent powering down. Goodbye!': 'Агент завершает работу. До свидания!',
+  'To continue this session, run': 'Для продолжения этой сессии, выполните',
   'Interaction Summary': 'Сводка взаимодействия',
   'Session ID:': 'ID сессии:',
   'Tool Calls:': 'Вызовы инструментов:',
@@ -943,179 +953,140 @@ export default {
   'Waiting for user confirmation...':
     'Ожидание подтверждения от пользователя...',
   '(esc to cancel, {{time}})': '(esc для отмены, {{time}})',
-  "I'm Feeling Lucky": 'Мне повезёт!',
+
-  'Shipping awesomeness... ': 'Доставляем крутизну... ',
+  // ============================================================================
-  'Painting the serifs back on...': 'Рисуем засечки на буквах...',
+
-  'Navigating the slime mold...': 'Пробираемся через слизевиков..',
+  // ============================================================================
-  'Consulting the digital spirits...': 'Советуемся с цифровыми духами...',
+  // Loading Phrases
-  'Reticulating splines...': 'Сглаживание сплайнов...',
+  // ============================================================================
-  'Warming up the AI hamsters...': 'Разогреваем ИИ-хомячков...',
+  WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES: [
-  'Asking the magic conch shell...': 'Спрашиваем волшебную ракушку...',
+    'Мне повезёт!',
-  'Generating witty retort...': 'Генерируем остроумный ответ...',
+    'Доставляем крутизну... ',
-  'Polishing the algorithms...': 'Полируем алгоритмы...',
+    'Рисуем засечки на буквах...',
-  "Don't rush perfection (or my code)...":
+    'Пробираемся через слизевиков..',
+    'Советуемся с цифровыми духами...',
+    'Сглаживание сплайнов...',
+    'Разогреваем ИИ-хомячков...',
+    'Спрашиваем волшебную ракушку...',
+    'Генерируем остроумный ответ...',
+    'Полируем алгоритмы...',
     'Не торопите совершенство (или мой код)...',
-  'Brewing fresh bytes...': 'Завариваем свежие байты...',
+    'Завариваем свежие байты...',
-  'Counting electrons...': 'Пересчитываем электроны...',
+    'Пересчитываем электроны...',
-  'Engaging cognitive processors...': 'Задействуем когнитивные процессоры...',
+    'Задействуем когнитивные процессоры...',
-  'Checking for syntax errors in the universe...':
     'Ищем синтаксические ошибки во вселенной...',
-  'One moment, optimizing humor...': 'Секундочку, оптимизируем юмор...',
+    'Секундочку, оптимизируем юмор...',
-  'Shuffling punchlines...': 'Перетасовываем панчлайны...',
+    'Перетасовываем панчлайны...',
-  'Untangling neural nets...': 'Распутаваем нейросети...',
+    'Распутаваем нейросети...',
-  'Compiling brilliance...': 'Компилируем гениальность...',
+    'Компилируем гениальность...',
-  'Loading wit.exe...': 'Загружаем yumor.exe...',
+    'Загружаем yumor.exe...',
-  'Summoning the cloud of wisdom...': 'Призываем облако мудрости...',
+    'Призываем облако мудрости...',
-  'Preparing a witty response...': 'Готовим остроумный ответ...',
+    'Готовим остроумный ответ...',
-  "Just a sec, I'm debugging reality...": 'Секунду, идёт отладка реальности...',
+    'Секунду, идёт отладка реальности...',
-  'Confuzzling the options...': 'Запутываем варианты...',
+    'Запутываем варианты...',
-  'Tuning the cosmic frequencies...': 'Настраиваем космические частоты...',
+    'Настраиваем космические частоты...',
-  'Crafting a response worthy of your patience...':
     'Создаем ответ, достойный вашего терпения...',
-  'Compiling the 1s and 0s...': 'Компилируем единички и нолики...',
+    'Компилируем единички и нолики...',
-  'Resolving dependencies... and existential crises...':
     'Разрешаем зависимости... и экзистенциальные кризисы...',
-  'Defragmenting memories... both RAM and personal...':
     'Дефрагментация памяти... и оперативной, и личной...',
-  'Rebooting the humor module...': 'Перезагрузка модуля юмора...',
+    'Перезагрузка модуля юмора...',
-  'Caching the essentials (mostly cat memes)...':
     'Кэшируем самое важное (в основном мемы с котиками)...',
-  'Optimizing for ludicrous speed': 'Оптимизация для безумной скорости',
+    'Оптимизация для безумной скорости',
-  "Swapping bits... don't tell the bytes...":
     'Меняем биты... только байтам не говорите...',
-  'Garbage collecting... be right back...': 'Сборка мусора... скоро вернусь...',
+    'Сборка мусора... скоро вернусь...',
-  'Assembling the interwebs...': 'Сборка интернетов...',
+    'Сборка интернетов...',
-  'Converting coffee into code...': 'Превращаем кофе в код...',
+    'Превращаем кофе в код...',
-  'Updating the syntax for reality...': 'Обновляем синтаксис реальности...',
+    'Обновляем синтаксис реальности...',
-  'Rewiring the synapses...': 'Переподключаем синапсы...',
+    'Переподключаем синапсы...',
-  'Looking for a misplaced semicolon...': 'Ищем лишнюю точку с запятой...',
+    'Ищем лишнюю точку с запятой...',
-  "Greasin' the cogs of the machine...": 'Смазываем шестерёнки машины...',
+    'Смазываем шестерёнки машины...',
-  'Pre-heating the servers...': 'Разогреваем серверы...',
+    'Разогреваем серверы...',
-  'Calibrating the flux capacitor...': 'Калибруем потоковый накопитель...',
+    'Калибруем потоковый накопитель...',
-  'Engaging the improbability drive...': 'Включаем двигатель невероятности...',
+    'Включаем двигатель невероятности...',
-  'Channeling the Force...': 'Направляем Силу...',
+    'Направляем Силу...',
-  'Aligning the stars for optimal response...':
     'Выравниваем звёзды для оптимального ответа...',
-  'So say we all...': 'Так скажем мы все...',
+    'Так скажем мы все...',
-  'Loading the next great idea...': 'Загрузка следующей великой идеи...',
+    'Загрузка следующей великой идеи...',
-  "Just a moment, I'm in the zone...": 'Минутку, я в потоке...',
+    'Минутку, я в потоке...',
-  'Preparing to dazzle you with brilliance...':
     'Готовлюсь ослепить вас гениальностью...',
-  "Just a tick, I'm polishing my wit...": 'Секунду, полирую остроумие...',
+    'Секунду, полирую остроумие...',
-  "Hold tight, I'm crafting a masterpiece...": 'Держитесь, создаю шедевр...',
+    'Держитесь, создаю шедевр...',
-  "Just a jiffy, I'm debugging the universe...":
     'Мигом, отлаживаю вселенную...',
-  "Just a moment, I'm aligning the pixels...": 'Момент, выравниваю пиксели...',
+    'Момент, выравниваю пиксели...',
-  "Just a sec, I'm optimizing the humor...": 'Секунду, оптимизирую юмор...',
+    'Секунду, оптимизирую юмор...',
-  "Just a moment, I'm tuning the algorithms...":
     'Момент, настраиваю алгоритмы...',
-  'Warp speed engaged...': 'Варп-скорость включена...',
+    'Варп-прыжок активирован...',
-  'Mining for more Dilithium crystals...': 'Добываем кристаллы дилития...',
+    'Добываем кристаллы дилития...',
-  "Don't panic...": 'Без паники...',
+    'Без паники...',
-  'Following the white rabbit...': 'Следуем за белым кроликом...',
+    'Следуем за белым кроликом...',
-  'The truth is in here... somewhere...': 'Истина где-то здесь... внутри...',
+    'Истина где-то здесь... внутри...',
-  'Blowing on the cartridge...': 'Продуваем картридж...',
+    'Продуваем картридж...',
-  'Loading... Do a barrel roll!': 'Загрузка... Сделай бочку!',
+    'Загрузка... Сделай бочку!',
-  'Waiting for the respawn...': 'Ждем респауна...',
+    'Ждем респауна...',
-  'Finishing the Kessel Run in less than 12 parsecs...':
     'Делаем Дугу Кесселя менее чем за 12 парсеков...',
-  "The cake is not a lie, it's just still loading...":
     'Тортик — не ложь, он просто ещё грузится...',
-  'Fiddling with the character creation screen...':
     'Возимся с экраном создания персонажа...',
-  "Just a moment, I'm finding the right meme...":
     'Минутку, ищу подходящий мем...',
-  "Pressing 'A' to continue...": "Нажимаем 'A' для продолжения...",
+    "Нажимаем 'A' для продолжения...",
-  'Herding digital cats...': 'Пасём цифровых котов...',
+    'Пасём цифровых котов...',
-  'Polishing the pixels...': 'Полируем пиксели...',
+    'Полируем пиксели...',
-  'Finding a suitable loading screen pun...':
     'Ищем подходящий каламбур для экрана загрузки...',
-  'Distracting you with this witty phrase...':
     'Отвлекаем вас этой остроумной фразой...',
-  'Almost there... probably...': 'Почти готово... вроде...',
+    'Почти готово... вроде...',
-  'Our hamsters are working as fast as they can...':
     'Наши хомячки работают изо всех сил...',
-  'Giving Cloudy a pat on the head...': 'Гладим Облачко по голове...',
+    'Гладим Облачко по голове...',
-  'Petting the cat...': 'Гладим кота...',
+    'Гладим кота...',
-  'Rickrolling my boss...': 'Рикроллим начальника...',
+    'Рикроллим начальника...',
-  'Never gonna give you up, never gonna let you down...':
     'Never gonna give you up, never gonna let you down...',
-  'Slapping the bass...': 'Лабаем бас-гитару...',
+    'Лабаем бас-гитару...',
-  'Tasting the snozberries...': 'Пробуем снузберри на вкус...',
+    'Пробуем снузберри на вкус...',
-  "I'm going the distance, I'm going for speed...":
     'Иду до конца, иду на скорость...',
-  'Is this the real life? Is this just fantasy?...':
     'Is this the real life? Is this just fantasy?...',
-  "I've got a good feeling about this...": 'У меня хорошее предчувствие...',
+    'У меня хорошее предчувствие...',
-  'Poking the bear...': 'Дразним медведя... (Не лезь...)',
+    'Дразним медведя... (Не лезь...)',
-  'Doing research on the latest memes...': 'Изучаем свежие мемы...',
+    'Изучаем свежие мемы...',
-  'Figuring out how to make this more witty...':
     'Думаем, как сделать это остроумнее...',
-  'Hmmm... let me think...': 'Хмм... дайте подумать...',
+    'Хмм... дайте подумать...',
-  'What do you call a fish with no eyes? A fsh...':
     'Как называется бумеранг, который не возвращается? Палка...',
-  'Why did the computer go to therapy? It had too many bytes...':
     'Почему компьютер простудился? Потому что оставил окна открытыми...',
-  "Why don't programmers like nature? It has too many bugs...":
     'Почему программисты не любят гулять на улице? Там среда не настроена...',
-  'Why do programmers prefer dark mode? Because light attracts bugs...':
     'Почему программисты предпочитают тёмную тему? Потому что в темноте не видно багов...',
-  'Why did the developer go broke? Because they used up all their cache...':
     'Почему разработчик разорился? Потому что потратил весь свой кэш...',
-  "What can you do with a broken pencil? Nothing, it's pointless...":
     'Что можно делать со сломанным карандашом? Ничего — он тупой...',
-  'Applying percussive maintenance...': 'Провожу настройку методом тыка...',
+    'Провожу настройку методом тыка...',
-  'Searching for the correct USB orientation...':
     'Ищем, какой стороной вставлять флешку...',
-  'Ensuring the magic smoke stays inside the wires...':
     'Следим, чтобы волшебный дым не вышел из проводов...',
-  'Rewriting in Rust for no particular reason...':
     'Переписываем всё на Rust без особой причины...',
-  'Trying to exit Vim...': 'Пытаемся выйти из Vim...',
+    'Пытаемся выйти из Vim...',
-  'Spinning up the hamster wheel...': 'Раскручиваем колесо для хомяка...',
+    'Раскручиваем колесо для хомяка...',
-  "That's not a bug, it's an undocumented feature...": 'Это не баг, а фича...',
+    'Это не баг, а фича...',
-  'Engage.': 'Поехали!',
+    'Поехали!',
-  "I'll be back... with an answer.": 'Я вернусь... с ответом.',
+    'Я вернусь... с ответом.',
-  'My other process is a TARDIS...': 'Мой другой процесс — это ТАРДИС...',
+    'Мой другой процесс — это ТАРДИС...',
-  'Communing with the machine spirit...': 'Общаемся с духом машины...',
+    'Общаемся с духом машины...',
-  'Letting the thoughts marinate...': 'Даем мыслям замариноваться...',
+    'Даем мыслям замариноваться...',
-  'Just remembered where I put my keys...':
     'Только что вспомнил, куда положил ключи...',
-  'Pondering the orb...': 'Размышляю над сферой...',
+    'Размышляю над сферой...',
-  "I've seen things you people wouldn't believe... like a user who reads loading messages.":
+    'Я видел такое, что вам, людям, и не снилось... пользователя, читающего эти сообщения.',
-    'Я видел такое, во что вы, люди, просто не поверите... например, пользователя, читающего сообщения загрузки.',
+    'Инициируем задумчивый взгляд...',
-  'Initiating thoughtful gaze...': 'Инициируем задумчивый взгляд...',
-  "What's a computer's favorite snack? Microchips.":
     'Что сервер заказывает в баре? Пинг-коладу.',
-  "Why do Java developers wear glasses? Because they don't C#.":
     'Почему Java-разработчики не убираются дома? Они ждут сборщик мусора...',
-  'Charging the laser... pew pew!': 'Заряжаем лазер... пиу-пиу!',
+    'Заряжаем лазер... пиу-пиу!',
-  'Dividing by zero... just kidding!': 'Делим на ноль... шучу!',
+    'Делим на ноль... шучу!',
-  'Looking for an adult superviso... I mean, processing.':
     'Ищу взрослых для присмот... в смысле, обрабатываю.',
-  'Making it go beep boop.': 'Делаем бип-буп.',
+    'Делаем бип-буп.',
-  'Buffering... because even AIs need a moment.':
+    'Буферизация... даже ИИ нужно время подумать.',
-    'Буферизация... даже ИИ нужно мгновение.',
-  'Entangling quantum particles for a faster response...':
     'Запутываем квантовые частицы для быстрого ответа...',
-  'Polishing the chrome... on the algorithms.':
     'Полируем хром... на алгоритмах.',
-  'Are you not entertained? (Working on it!)':
     'Вы ещё не развлеклись?! Разве вы не за этим сюда пришли?!',
-  'Summoning the code gremlins... to help, of course.':
     'Призываем гремлинов кода... для помощи, конечно же.',
-  'Just waiting for the dial-up tone to finish...':
     'Ждем, пока закончится звук dial-up модема...',
-  'Recalibrating the humor-o-meter.': 'Перекалибровка юморометра.',
+    'Перекалибровка юморометра.',
-  'My other loading screen is even funnier.':
     'Мой другой экран загрузки ещё смешнее.',
-  "Pretty sure there's a cat walking on the keyboard somewhere...":
     'Кажется, где-то по клавиатуре гуляет кот...',
-  'Enhancing... Enhancing... Still loading.':
     'Улучшаем... Ещё улучшаем... Всё ещё грузится.',
-  "It's not a bug, it's a feature... of this loading screen.":
     'Это не баг, это фича... экрана загрузки.',
-  'Have you tried turning it off and on again? (The loading screen, not me.)':
     'Пробовали выключить и включить снова? (Экран загрузки, не меня!)',
-  'Constructing additional pylons...': 'Нужно построить больше пилонов...',
+    'Нужно построить больше пилонов...',
+  ],
 };

packages/cli/src/i18n/locales/zh.js

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ export default {
   'Theme "{{themeName}}" not found.': '未找到主题 "{{themeName}}"。',
   'Theme "{{themeName}}" not found in selected scope.':
     '在所选作用域中未找到主题 "{{themeName}}"。',
-  'clear the screen and conversation history': '清屏并清除对话历史',
+  'Clear conversation history and free up context': '清除对话历史并释放上下文',
   'Compresses the context by replacing it with a summary.':
     '通过用摘要替换来压缩上下文',
   'open full Qwen Code documentation in your browser':
@@ -249,6 +249,8 @@ export default {
   ', Tab to change focus': '，Tab 切换焦点',
   'To see changes, Qwen Code must be restarted. Press r to exit and apply changes now.':
     '要查看更改，必须重启 Qwen Code。按 r 退出并立即应用更改。',
+  'The command "/{{command}}" is not supported in non-interactive mode.':
+    '不支持在非交互模式下使用命令 "/{{command}}"。',
   // ============================================================================
   // Settings Labels
   // ============================================================================
@@ -560,6 +562,12 @@ export default {
   'No conversation found to summarize.': '未找到要总结的对话',
   'Failed to generate project context summary: {{error}}':
     '生成项目上下文摘要失败：{{error}}',
+  'Saved project summary to {{filePathForDisplay}}.':
+    '项目摘要已保存到 {{filePathForDisplay}}',
+  'Saving project summary...': '正在保存项目摘要...',
+  'Generating project summary...': '正在生成项目摘要...',
+  'Failed to generate summary - no text content received from LLM response':
+    '生成摘要失败 - 未从 LLM 响应中接收到文本内容',
 
   // ============================================================================
   // Commands - Model
@@ -573,8 +581,9 @@ export default {
   // ============================================================================
   // Commands - Clear
   // ============================================================================
-  'Clearing terminal and resetting chat.': '正在清屏并重置聊天',
+  'Starting a new session, resetting chat, and clearing terminal.':
-  'Clearing terminal.': '正在清屏',
+    '正在开始新会话，重置聊天并清屏。',
+  'Starting a new session and clearing.': '正在开始新会话并清屏。',
 
   // ============================================================================
   // Commands - Compress
@@ -880,165 +889,39 @@ export default {
   // ============================================================================
   'Waiting for user confirmation...': '等待用户确认...',
   '(esc to cancel, {{time}})': '（按 esc 取消，{{time}}）',
-  "I'm Feeling Lucky": '我感觉很幸运',
+  WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES: [
-  'Shipping awesomeness... ': '正在运送精彩内容... ',
+    // --- 职场搬砖系列 ---
-  'Painting the serifs back on...': '正在重新绘制衬线...',
+    '正在努力搬砖，请稍候...',
-  'Navigating the slime mold...': '正在导航粘液霉菌...',
+    '老板在身后，快加载啊！',
-  'Consulting the digital spirits...': '正在咨询数字精灵...',
+    '头发掉光前，一定能加载完...',
-  'Reticulating splines...': '正在网格化样条曲线...',
+    '服务器正在深呼吸，准备放大招...',
-  'Warming up the AI hamsters...': '正在预热 AI 仓鼠...',
+    '正在向服务器投喂咖啡...',
-  'Asking the magic conch shell...': '正在询问魔法海螺壳...',
+
-  'Generating witty retort...': '正在生成机智的反驳...',
+    // --- 大厂黑话系列 ---
-  'Polishing the algorithms...': '正在打磨算法...',
+    '正在赋能全链路，寻找关键抓手...',
-  "Don't rush perfection (or my code)...": '不要急于追求完美（或我的代码）...',
+    '正在降本增效，优化加载路径...',
-  'Brewing fresh bytes...': '正在酿造新鲜字节...',
+    '正在打破部门壁垒，沉淀方法论...',
-  'Counting electrons...': '正在计算电子...',
+    '正在拥抱变化，迭代核心价值...',
-  'Engaging cognitive processors...': '正在启动认知处理器...',
+    '正在对齐颗粒度，打磨底层逻辑...',
-  'Checking for syntax errors in the universe...':
+    '大力出奇迹，正在强行加载...',
-    '正在检查宇宙中的语法错误...',
+
-  'One moment, optimizing humor...': '稍等片刻，正在优化幽默感...',
+    // --- 程序员自嘲系列 ---
-  'Shuffling punchlines...': '正在洗牌笑点...',
+    '只要我不写代码，代码就没有 Bug...',
-  'Untangling neural nets...': '正在解开神经网络...',
+    '正在把 Bug 转化为 Feature...',
-  'Compiling brilliance...': '正在编译智慧...',
+    '只要我不尴尬，Bug 就追不上我...',
-  'Loading wit.exe...': '正在加载 wit.exe...',
+    '正在试图理解去年的自己写了什么...',
-  'Summoning the cloud of wisdom...': '正在召唤智慧云...',
+    '正在猿力觉醒中，请耐心等待...',
-  'Preparing a witty response...': '正在准备机智的回复...',
+
-  "Just a sec, I'm debugging reality...": '稍等片刻，我正在调试现实...',
+    // --- 合作愉快系列 ---
-  'Confuzzling the options...': '正在混淆选项...',
+    '正在询问产品经理：这需求是真的吗？',
-  'Tuning the cosmic frequencies...': '正在调谐宇宙频率...',
+    '正在给产品经理画饼，请稍等...',
-  'Crafting a response worthy of your patience...':
+
-    '正在制作值得您耐心等待的回复...',
+    // --- 温暖治愈系列 ---
-  'Compiling the 1s and 0s...': '正在编译 1 和 0...',
+    '每一行代码，都在努力让世界变得更好一点点...',
-  'Resolving dependencies... and existential crises...':
+    '每一个伟大的想法，都值得这份耐心的等待...',
-    '正在解决依赖关系...和存在主义危机...',
+    '别急，美好的事物总是需要一点时间去酝酿...',
-  'Defragmenting memories... both RAM and personal...':
+    '愿你的代码永无 Bug，愿你的梦想终将成真...',
-    '正在整理记忆碎片...包括 RAM 和个人记忆...',
+    '哪怕只有 0.1% 的进度，也是在向目标靠近...',
-  'Rebooting the humor module...': '正在重启幽默模块...',
+    '加载的是字节，承载的是对技术的热爱...',
-  'Caching the essentials (mostly cat memes)...':
+  ],
-    '正在缓存必需品（主要是猫咪表情包）...',
-  'Optimizing for ludicrous speed': '正在优化到荒谬的速度',
-  "Swapping bits... don't tell the bytes...": '正在交换位...不要告诉字节...',
-  'Garbage collecting... be right back...': '正在垃圾回收...马上回来...',
-  'Assembling the interwebs...': '正在组装互联网...',
-  'Converting coffee into code...': '正在将咖啡转换为代码...',
-  'Updating the syntax for reality...': '正在更新现实的语法...',
-  'Rewiring the synapses...': '正在重新连接突触...',
-  'Looking for a misplaced semicolon...': '正在寻找放错位置的分号...',
-  "Greasin' the cogs of the machine...": '正在给机器的齿轮上油...',
-  'Pre-heating the servers...': '正在预热服务器...',
-  'Calibrating the flux capacitor...': '正在校准通量电容器...',
-  'Engaging the improbability drive...': '正在启动不可能性驱动器...',
-  'Channeling the Force...': '正在引导原力...',
-  'Aligning the stars for optimal response...': '正在对齐星星以获得最佳回复...',
-  'So say we all...': '我们都说...',
-  'Loading the next great idea...': '正在加载下一个伟大的想法...',
-  "Just a moment, I'm in the zone...": '稍等片刻，我正进入状态...',
-  'Preparing to dazzle you with brilliance...': '正在准备用智慧让您眼花缭乱...',
-  "Just a tick, I'm polishing my wit...": '稍等片刻，我正在打磨我的智慧...',
-  "Hold tight, I'm crafting a masterpiece...": '请稍等，我正在制作杰作...',
-  "Just a jiffy, I'm debugging the universe...": '稍等片刻，我正在调试宇宙...',
-  "Just a moment, I'm aligning the pixels...": '稍等片刻，我正在对齐像素...',
-  "Just a sec, I'm optimizing the humor...": '稍等片刻，我正在优化幽默感...',
-  "Just a moment, I'm tuning the algorithms...": '稍等片刻，我正在调整算法...',
-  'Warp speed engaged...': '曲速已启动...',
-  'Mining for more Dilithium crystals...': '正在挖掘更多二锂晶体...',
-  "Don't panic...": '不要惊慌...',
-  'Following the white rabbit...': '正在跟随白兔...',
-  'The truth is in here... somewhere...': '真相在这里...某个地方...',
-  'Blowing on the cartridge...': '正在吹卡带...',
-  'Loading... Do a barrel roll!': '正在加载...做个桶滚！',
-  'Waiting for the respawn...': '等待重生...',
-  'Finishing the Kessel Run in less than 12 parsecs...':
-    '正在以不到 12 秒差距完成凯塞尔航线...',
-  "The cake is not a lie, it's just still loading...":
-    '蛋糕不是谎言，只是还在加载...',
-  'Fiddling with the character creation screen...': '正在摆弄角色创建界面...',
-  "Just a moment, I'm finding the right meme...":
-    '稍等片刻，我正在寻找合适的表情包...',
-  "Pressing 'A' to continue...": "按 'A' 继续...",
-  'Herding digital cats...': '正在放牧数字猫...',
-  'Polishing the pixels...': '正在打磨像素...',
-  'Finding a suitable loading screen pun...': '正在寻找合适的加载屏幕双关语...',
-  'Distracting you with this witty phrase...':
-    '正在用这个机智的短语分散您的注意力...',
-  'Almost there... probably...': '快到了...可能...',
-  'Our hamsters are working as fast as they can...':
-    '我们的仓鼠正在尽可能快地工作...',
-  'Giving Cloudy a pat on the head...': '正在拍拍 Cloudy 的头...',
-  'Petting the cat...': '正在抚摸猫咪...',
-  'Rickrolling my boss...': '正在 Rickroll 我的老板...',
-  'Never gonna give you up, never gonna let you down...':
-    '永远不会放弃你，永远不会让你失望...',
-  'Slapping the bass...': '正在拍打低音...',
-  'Tasting the snozberries...': '正在品尝 snozberries...',
-  "I'm going the distance, I'm going for speed...":
-    '我要走得更远，我要追求速度...',
-  'Is this the real life? Is this just fantasy?...':
-    '这是真实的生活吗？还是只是幻想？...',
-  "I've got a good feeling about this...": '我对这个感觉很好...',
-  'Poking the bear...': '正在戳熊...',
-  'Doing research on the latest memes...': '正在研究最新的表情包...',
-  'Figuring out how to make this more witty...': '正在想办法让这更有趣...',
-  'Hmmm... let me think...': '嗯...让我想想...',
-  'What do you call a fish with no eyes? A fsh...':
-    '没有眼睛的鱼叫什么？一条鱼...',
-  'Why did the computer go to therapy? It had too many bytes...':
-    '为什么电脑去看心理医生？因为它有太多字节...',
-  "Why don't programmers like nature? It has too many bugs...":
-    '为什么程序员不喜欢大自然？因为虫子太多了...',
-  'Why do programmers prefer dark mode? Because light attracts bugs...':
-    '为什么程序员喜欢暗色模式？因为光会吸引虫子...',
-  'Why did the developer go broke? Because they used up all their cache...':
-    '为什么开发者破产了？因为他们用完了所有缓存...',
-  "What can you do with a broken pencil? Nothing, it's pointless...":
-    '你能用断了的铅笔做什么？什么都不能，因为它没有笔尖...',
-  'Applying percussive maintenance...': '正在应用敲击维护...',
-  'Searching for the correct USB orientation...': '正在寻找正确的 USB 方向...',
-  'Ensuring the magic smoke stays inside the wires...':
-    '确保魔法烟雾留在电线内...',
-  'Rewriting in Rust for no particular reason...':
-    '正在用 Rust 重写，没有特别的原因...',
-  'Trying to exit Vim...': '正在尝试退出 Vim...',
-  'Spinning up the hamster wheel...': '正在启动仓鼠轮...',
-  "That's not a bug, it's an undocumented feature...":
-    '这不是一个错误，这是一个未记录的功能...',
-  'Engage.': '启动。',
-  "I'll be back... with an answer.": '我会回来的...带着答案。',
-  'My other process is a TARDIS...': '我的另一个进程是 TARDIS...',
-  'Communing with the machine spirit...': '正在与机器精神交流...',
-  'Letting the thoughts marinate...': '让想法慢慢酝酿...',
-  'Just remembered where I put my keys...': '刚刚想起我把钥匙放在哪里了...',
-  'Pondering the orb...': '正在思考球体...',
-  "I've seen things you people wouldn't believe... like a user who reads loading messages.":
-    '我见过你们不会相信的事情...比如一个阅读加载消息的用户。',
-  'Initiating thoughtful gaze...': '正在启动深思凝视...',
-  "What's a computer's favorite snack? Microchips.":
-    '电脑最喜欢的零食是什么？微芯片。',
-  "Why do Java developers wear glasses? Because they don't C#.":
-    '为什么 Java 开发者戴眼镜？因为他们不会 C#。',
-  'Charging the laser... pew pew!': '正在给激光充电...砰砰！',
-  'Dividing by zero... just kidding!': '除以零...只是开玩笑！',
-  'Looking for an adult superviso... I mean, processing.':
-    '正在寻找成人监督...我是说，处理中。',
-  'Making it go beep boop.': '让它发出哔哔声。',
-  'Buffering... because even AIs need a moment.':
-    '正在缓冲...因为即使是 AI 也需要片刻。',
-  'Entangling quantum particles for a faster response...':
-    '正在纠缠量子粒子以获得更快的回复...',
-  'Polishing the chrome... on the algorithms.': '正在打磨铬...在算法上。',
-  'Are you not entertained? (Working on it!)': '你不觉得有趣吗？（正在努力！）',
-  'Summoning the code gremlins... to help, of course.':
-    '正在召唤代码小精灵...当然是来帮忙的。',
-  'Just waiting for the dial-up tone to finish...': '只是等待拨号音结束...',
-  'Recalibrating the humor-o-meter.': '正在重新校准幽默计。',
-  'My other loading screen is even funnier.': '我的另一个加载屏幕更有趣。',
-  "Pretty sure there's a cat walking on the keyboard somewhere...":
-    '很确定有只猫在某个地方键盘上走...',
-  'Enhancing... Enhancing... Still loading.':
-    '正在增强...正在增强...仍在加载。',
-  "It's not a bug, it's a feature... of this loading screen.":
-    '这不是一个错误，这是一个功能...这个加载屏幕的功能。',
-  'Have you tried turning it off and on again? (The loading screen, not me.)':
-    '你试过把它关掉再打开吗？（加载屏幕，不是我。）',
-  'Constructing additional pylons...': '正在建造额外的能量塔...',
 };

packages/cli/src/nonInteractive/control/controllers/systemController.ts

@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@ import type {
   CLIControlSetModelRequest,
   CLIMcpServerConfig,
 } from '../../types.js';
-import { CommandService } from '../../../services/CommandService.js';
+import { getAvailableCommands } from '../../../nonInteractiveCliCommands.js';
-import { BuiltinCommandLoader } from '../../../services/BuiltinCommandLoader.js';
 import {
   MCPServerConfig,
   AuthProviderType,
@@ -407,7 +406,7 @@ export class SystemController extends BaseController {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Load slash command names using CommandService
+   * Load slash command names using getAvailableCommands
    *
    * @param signal - AbortSignal to respect for cancellation
    * @returns Promise resolving to array of slash command names
@@ -418,21 +417,14 @@ export class SystemController extends BaseController {
     }
 
     try {
-      const service = await CommandService.create(
+      const commands = await getAvailableCommands(this.context.config, signal);
-        [new BuiltinCommandLoader(this.context.config)],
-        signal,
-      );
 
       if (signal.aborted) {
         return [];
       }
 
-      const names = new Set<string>();
+      // Extract command names and sort
-      const commands = service.getCommands();
+      return commands.map((cmd) => cmd.name).sort();
-      for (const command of commands) {
-        names.add(command.name);
-      }
-      return Array.from(names).sort();
     } catch (error) {
       // Check if the error is due to abort
       if (signal.aborted) {

packages/cli/src/nonInteractiveCli.test.ts

@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ describe('runNonInteractive', () => {
   let mockShutdownTelemetry: Mock;
   let consoleErrorSpy: MockInstance;
   let processStdoutSpy: MockInstance;
+  let processStderrSpy: MockInstance;
   let mockGeminiClient: {
     sendMessageStream: Mock;
     getChatRecordingService: Mock;
@@ -86,6 +87,9 @@ describe('runNonInteractive', () => {
     processStdoutSpy = vi
       .spyOn(process.stdout, 'write')
       .mockImplementation(() => true);
+    processStderrSpy = vi
+      .spyOn(process.stderr, 'write')
+      .mockImplementation(() => true);
     vi.spyOn(process, 'exit').mockImplementation((code) => {
       throw new Error(`process.exit(${code}) called`);
     });
@@ -139,6 +143,8 @@ describe('runNonInteractive', () => {
       setModel: vi.fn(async (model: string) => {
         currentModel = model;
       }),
+      getExperimentalZedIntegration: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
+      isInteractive: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
     } as unknown as Config;
 
     mockSettings = {
@@ -765,6 +771,52 @@ describe('runNonInteractive', () => {
     );
   });
 
+  it('should handle API errors in text mode and exit with error code', async () => {
+    (mockConfig.getOutputFormat as Mock).mockReturnValue(OutputFormat.TEXT);
+    setupMetricsMock();
+
+    // Simulate an API error event (like 401 unauthorized)
+    const apiErrorEvent: ServerGeminiStreamEvent = {
+      type: GeminiEventType.Error,
+      value: {
+        error: {
+          message: '401 Incorrect API key provided',
+          status: 401,
+        },
+      },
+    };
+
+    mockGeminiClient.sendMessageStream.mockReturnValue(
+      createStreamFromEvents([apiErrorEvent]),
+    );
+
+    let thrownError: Error | null = null;
+    try {
+      await runNonInteractive(
+        mockConfig,
+        mockSettings,
+        'Test input',
+        'prompt-id-api-error',
+      );
+      // Should not reach here
+      expect.fail('Expected error to be thrown');
+    } catch (error) {
+      thrownError = error as Error;
+    }
+
+    // Should throw with the API error message
+    expect(thrownError).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(thrownError?.message).toContain('401');
+    expect(thrownError?.message).toContain('Incorrect API key provided');
+
+    // Verify error was written to stderr
+    expect(processStderrSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    const stderrCalls = processStderrSpy.mock.calls;
+    const errorOutput = stderrCalls.map((call) => call[0]).join('');
+    expect(errorOutput).toContain('401');
+    expect(errorOutput).toContain('Incorrect API key provided');
+  });
+
   it('should handle FatalInputError with custom exit code in JSON format', async () => {
     (mockConfig.getOutputFormat as Mock).mockReturnValue(OutputFormat.JSON);
     setupMetricsMock();
@@ -852,7 +904,7 @@ describe('runNonInteractive', () => {
     expect(processStdoutSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Response from command');
   });
 
-  it('should throw FatalInputError if a command requires confirmation', async () => {
+  it('should handle command that requires confirmation by returning early', async () => {
     const mockCommand = {
       name: 'confirm',
       description: 'a command that needs confirmation',
@@ -864,15 +916,16 @@ describe('runNonInteractive', () => {
     };
     mockGetCommands.mockReturnValue([mockCommand]);
 
-    await expect(
+    await runNonInteractive(
-      runNonInteractive(
+      mockConfig,
-        mockConfig,
+      mockSettings,
-        mockSettings,
+      '/confirm',
-        '/confirm',
+      'prompt-id-confirm',
-        'prompt-id-confirm',
+    );
-      ),
+
-    ).rejects.toThrow(
+    // Should write error message to stderr
-      'Exiting due to a confirmation prompt requested by the command.',
+    expect(processStderrSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'Shell command confirmation is not supported in non-interactive mode. Use YOLO mode or pre-approve commands.\n',
     );
   });
 
@@ -909,7 +962,30 @@ describe('runNonInteractive', () => {
     expect(processStdoutSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Response to unknown');
   });
 
-  it('should throw for unhandled command result types', async () => {
+  it('should handle known but unsupported slash commands like /help by returning early', async () => {
+    // Mock a built-in command that exists but is not in the allowed list
+    const mockHelpCommand = {
+      name: 'help',
+      description: 'Show help',
+      kind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
+      action: vi.fn(),
+    };
+    mockGetCommands.mockReturnValue([mockHelpCommand]);
+
+    await runNonInteractive(
+      mockConfig,
+      mockSettings,
+      '/help',
+      'prompt-id-help',
+    );
+
+    // Should write error message to stderr
+    expect(processStderrSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'The command "/help" is not supported in non-interactive mode.\n',
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should handle unhandled command result types by returning early with error', async () => {
     const mockCommand = {
       name: 'noaction',
       description: 'unhandled type',
@@ -920,15 +996,16 @@ describe('runNonInteractive', () => {
     };
     mockGetCommands.mockReturnValue([mockCommand]);
 
-    await expect(
+    await runNonInteractive(
-      runNonInteractive(
+      mockConfig,
-        mockConfig,
+      mockSettings,
-        mockSettings,
+      '/noaction',
-        '/noaction',
+      'prompt-id-unhandled',
-        'prompt-id-unhandled',
+    );
-      ),
+
-    ).rejects.toThrow(
+    // Should write error message to stderr
-      'Exiting due to command result that is not supported in non-interactive mode.',
+    expect(processStderrSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'Unknown command result type: unhandled\n',
     );
   });
 

packages/cli/src/nonInteractiveCli.ts

@@ -42,6 +42,55 @@ import {
   computeUsageFromMetrics,
 } from './utils/nonInteractiveHelpers.js';
 
+/**
+ * Emits a final message for slash command results.
+ * Note: systemMessage should already be emitted before calling this function.
+ */
+async function emitNonInteractiveFinalMessage(params: {
+  message: string;
+  isError: boolean;
+  adapter?: JsonOutputAdapterInterface;
+  config: Config;
+  startTimeMs: number;
+}): Promise<void> {
+  const { message, isError, adapter, config } = params;
+
+  if (!adapter) {
+    // Text output mode: write directly to stdout/stderr
+    const target = isError ? process.stderr : process.stdout;
+    target.write(`${message}\n`);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // JSON output mode: emit assistant message and result
+  // (systemMessage should already be emitted by caller)
+  adapter.startAssistantMessage();
+  adapter.processEvent({
+    type: GeminiEventType.Content,
+    value: message,
+  } as unknown as Parameters<JsonOutputAdapterInterface['processEvent']>[0]);
+  adapter.finalizeAssistantMessage();
+
+  const metrics = uiTelemetryService.getMetrics();
+  const usage = computeUsageFromMetrics(metrics);
+  const outputFormat = config.getOutputFormat();
+  const stats =
+    outputFormat === OutputFormat.JSON
+      ? uiTelemetryService.getMetrics()
+      : undefined;
+
+  adapter.emitResult({
+    isError,
+    durationMs: Date.now() - params.startTimeMs,
+    apiDurationMs: 0,
+    numTurns: 0,
+    errorMessage: isError ? message : undefined,
+    usage,
+    stats,
+    summary: message,
+  });
+}
+
 /**
  * Provides optional overrides for `runNonInteractive` execution.
  *
@@ -115,6 +164,16 @@ export async function runNonInteractive(
       process.on('SIGINT', shutdownHandler);
       process.on('SIGTERM', shutdownHandler);
 
+      // Emit systemMessage first (always the first message in JSON mode)
+      if (adapter) {
+        const systemMessage = await buildSystemMessage(
+          config,
+          sessionId,
+          permissionMode,
+        );
+        adapter.emitMessage(systemMessage);
+      }
+
       let initialPartList: PartListUnion | null = extractPartsFromUserMessage(
         options.userMessage,
       );
@@ -128,10 +187,45 @@ export async function runNonInteractive(
             config,
             settings,
           );
-          if (slashCommandResult) {
+          switch (slashCommandResult.type) {
-            // A slash command can replace the prompt entirely; fall back to @-command processing otherwise.
+            case 'submit_prompt':
-            initialPartList = slashCommandResult as PartListUnion;
+              // A slash command can replace the prompt entirely; fall back to @-command processing otherwise.
-            slashHandled = true;
+              initialPartList = slashCommandResult.content;
+              slashHandled = true;
+              break;
+            case 'message': {
+              // systemMessage already emitted above
+              await emitNonInteractiveFinalMessage({
+                message: slashCommandResult.content,
+                isError: slashCommandResult.messageType === 'error',
+                adapter,
+                config,
+                startTimeMs: startTime,
+              });
+              return;
+            }
+            case 'stream_messages':
+              throw new FatalInputError(
+                'Stream messages mode is not supported in non-interactive CLI',
+              );
+            case 'unsupported': {
+              await emitNonInteractiveFinalMessage({
+                message: slashCommandResult.reason,
+                isError: true,
+                adapter,
+                config,
+                startTimeMs: startTime,
+              });
+              return;
+            }
+            case 'no_command':
+              break;
+            default: {
+              const _exhaustive: never = slashCommandResult;
+              throw new FatalInputError(
+                `Unhandled slash command result type: ${(_exhaustive as { type: string }).type}`,
+              );
+            }
           }
         }
 
@@ -163,15 +257,6 @@ export async function runNonInteractive(
       const initialParts = normalizePartList(initialPartList);
       let currentMessages: Content[] = [{ role: 'user', parts: initialParts }];
 
-      if (adapter) {
-        const systemMessage = await buildSystemMessage(
-          config,
-          sessionId,
-          permissionMode,
-        );
-        adapter.emitMessage(systemMessage);
-      }
-
       let isFirstTurn = true;
       while (true) {
         turnCount++;
@@ -223,6 +308,8 @@ export async function runNonInteractive(
                 config.getContentGeneratorConfig()?.authType,
               );
               process.stderr.write(`${errorText}\n`);
+              // Throw error to exit with non-zero code
+              throw new Error(errorText);
             }
           }
         }

packages/cli/src/nonInteractiveCliCommands.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2025 Qwen Team
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
+import { handleSlashCommand } from './nonInteractiveCliCommands.js';
+import type { Config } from '@qwen-code/qwen-code-core';
+import type { LoadedSettings } from './config/settings.js';
+import { CommandKind } from './ui/commands/types.js';
+
+// Mock the CommandService
+const mockGetCommands = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
+const mockCommandServiceCreate = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
+vi.mock('./services/CommandService.js', () => ({
+  CommandService: {
+    create: mockCommandServiceCreate,
+  },
+}));
+
+describe('handleSlashCommand', () => {
+  let mockConfig: Config;
+  let mockSettings: LoadedSettings;
+  let abortController: AbortController;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    mockCommandServiceCreate.mockResolvedValue({
+      getCommands: mockGetCommands,
+    });
+
+    mockConfig = {
+      getExperimentalZedIntegration: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
+      isInteractive: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
+      getSessionId: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('test-session'),
+      getFolderTrustFeature: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
+      getFolderTrust: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
+      getProjectRoot: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('/test/project'),
+      storage: {},
+    } as unknown as Config;
+
+    mockSettings = {
+      system: { path: '', settings: {} },
+      systemDefaults: { path: '', settings: {} },
+      user: { path: '', settings: {} },
+      workspace: { path: '', settings: {} },
+    } as LoadedSettings;
+
+    abortController = new AbortController();
+  });
+
+  it('should return no_command for non-slash input', async () => {
+    const result = await handleSlashCommand(
+      'regular text',
+      abortController,
+      mockConfig,
+      mockSettings,
+    );
+
+    expect(result.type).toBe('no_command');
+  });
+
+  it('should return no_command for unknown slash commands', async () => {
+    mockGetCommands.mockReturnValue([]);
+
+    const result = await handleSlashCommand(
+      '/unknowncommand',
+      abortController,
+      mockConfig,
+      mockSettings,
+    );
+
+    expect(result.type).toBe('no_command');
+  });
+
+  it('should return unsupported for known built-in commands not in allowed list', async () => {
+    const mockHelpCommand = {
+      name: 'help',
+      description: 'Show help',
+      kind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
+      action: vi.fn(),
+    };
+    mockGetCommands.mockReturnValue([mockHelpCommand]);
+
+    const result = await handleSlashCommand(
+      '/help',
+      abortController,
+      mockConfig,
+      mockSettings,
+      [], // Empty allowed list
+    );
+
+    expect(result.type).toBe('unsupported');
+    if (result.type === 'unsupported') {
+      expect(result.reason).toContain('/help');
+      expect(result.reason).toContain('not supported');
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('should return unsupported for /help when using default allowed list', async () => {
+    const mockHelpCommand = {
+      name: 'help',
+      description: 'Show help',
+      kind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
+      action: vi.fn(),
+    };
+    mockGetCommands.mockReturnValue([mockHelpCommand]);
+
+    const result = await handleSlashCommand(
+      '/help',
+      abortController,
+      mockConfig,
+      mockSettings,
+      // Default allowed list: ['init', 'summary', 'compress']
+    );
+
+    expect(result.type).toBe('unsupported');
+    if (result.type === 'unsupported') {
+      expect(result.reason).toBe(
+        'The command "/help" is not supported in non-interactive mode.',
+      );
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('should execute allowed built-in commands', async () => {
+    const mockInitCommand = {
+      name: 'init',
+      description: 'Initialize project',
+      kind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
+      action: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+        type: 'message',
+        messageType: 'info',
+        content: 'Project initialized',
+      }),
+    };
+    mockGetCommands.mockReturnValue([mockInitCommand]);
+
+    const result = await handleSlashCommand(
+      '/init',
+      abortController,
+      mockConfig,
+      mockSettings,
+      ['init'], // init is in the allowed list
+    );
+
+    expect(result.type).toBe('message');
+    if (result.type === 'message') {
+      expect(result.content).toBe('Project initialized');
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('should execute file commands regardless of allowed list', async () => {
+    const mockFileCommand = {
+      name: 'custom',
+      description: 'Custom file command',
+      kind: CommandKind.FILE,
+      action: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+        type: 'submit_prompt',
+        content: [{ text: 'Custom prompt' }],
+      }),
+    };
+    mockGetCommands.mockReturnValue([mockFileCommand]);
+
+    const result = await handleSlashCommand(
+      '/custom',
+      abortController,
+      mockConfig,
+      mockSettings,
+      [], // Empty allowed list, but FILE commands should still work
+    );
+
+    expect(result.type).toBe('submit_prompt');
+    if (result.type === 'submit_prompt') {
+      expect(result.content).toEqual([{ text: 'Custom prompt' }]);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('should return unsupported for other built-in commands like /quit', async () => {
+    const mockQuitCommand = {
+      name: 'quit',
+      description: 'Quit application',
+      kind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
+      action: vi.fn(),
+    };
+    mockGetCommands.mockReturnValue([mockQuitCommand]);
+
+    const result = await handleSlashCommand(
+      '/quit',
+      abortController,
+      mockConfig,
+      mockSettings,
+    );
+
+    expect(result.type).toBe('unsupported');
+    if (result.type === 'unsupported') {
+      expect(result.reason).toContain('/quit');
+      expect(result.reason).toContain('not supported');
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('should handle command with no action', async () => {
+    const mockCommand = {
+      name: 'noaction',
+      description: 'Command without action',
+      kind: CommandKind.FILE,
+      // No action property
+    };
+    mockGetCommands.mockReturnValue([mockCommand]);
+
+    const result = await handleSlashCommand(
+      '/noaction',
+      abortController,
+      mockConfig,
+      mockSettings,
+    );
+
+    expect(result.type).toBe('no_command');
+  });
+
+  it('should return message when command returns void', async () => {
+    const mockCommand = {
+      name: 'voidcmd',
+      description: 'Command that returns void',
+      kind: CommandKind.FILE,
+      action: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+    };
+    mockGetCommands.mockReturnValue([mockCommand]);
+
+    const result = await handleSlashCommand(
+      '/voidcmd',
+      abortController,
+      mockConfig,
+      mockSettings,
+    );
+
+    expect(result.type).toBe('message');
+    if (result.type === 'message') {
+      expect(result.content).toBe('Command executed successfully.');
+      expect(result.messageType).toBe('info');
+    }
+  });
+});

packages/cli/src/nonInteractiveCliCommands.ts

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 import type { PartListUnion } from '@google/genai';
 import { parseSlashCommand } from './utils/commands.js';
 import {
-  FatalInputError,
   Logger,
   uiTelemetryService,
   type Config,
@@ -19,10 +18,164 @@ import {
   CommandKind,
   type CommandContext,
   type SlashCommand,
+  type SlashCommandActionReturn,
 } from './ui/commands/types.js';
 import { createNonInteractiveUI } from './ui/noninteractive/nonInteractiveUi.js';
 import type { LoadedSettings } from './config/settings.js';
 import type { SessionStatsState } from './ui/contexts/SessionContext.js';
+import { t } from './i18n/index.js';
+
+/**
+ * Built-in commands that are allowed in non-interactive modes (CLI and ACP).
+ * Only safe, read-only commands that don't require interactive UI.
+ *
+ * These commands are:
+ * - init: Initialize project configuration
+ * - summary: Generate session summary
+ * - compress: Compress conversation history
+ */
+export const ALLOWED_BUILTIN_COMMANDS_NON_INTERACTIVE = [
+  'init',
+  'summary',
+  'compress',
+] as const;
+
+/**
+ * Result of handling a slash command in non-interactive mode.
+ *
+ * Supported types:
+ * - 'submit_prompt': Submits content to the model (supports all modes)
+ * - 'message': Returns a single message (supports non-interactive JSON/text only)
+ * - 'stream_messages': Streams multiple messages (supports ACP only)
+ * - 'unsupported': Command cannot be executed in this mode
+ * - 'no_command': No command was found or executed
+ */
+export type NonInteractiveSlashCommandResult =
+  | {
+      type: 'submit_prompt';
+      content: PartListUnion;
+    }
+  | {
+      type: 'message';
+      messageType: 'info' | 'error';
+      content: string;
+    }
+  | {
+      type: 'stream_messages';
+      messages: AsyncGenerator<
+        { messageType: 'info' | 'error'; content: string },
+        void,
+        unknown
+      >;
+    }
+  | {
+      type: 'unsupported';
+      reason: string;
+      originalType: string;
+    }
+  | {
+      type: 'no_command';
+    };
+
+/**
+ * Converts a SlashCommandActionReturn to a NonInteractiveSlashCommandResult.
+ *
+ * Only the following result types are supported in non-interactive mode:
+ * - submit_prompt: Submits content to the model (all modes)
+ * - message: Returns a single message (non-interactive JSON/text only)
+ * - stream_messages: Streams multiple messages (ACP only)
+ *
+ * All other result types are converted to 'unsupported'.
+ *
+ * @param result The result from executing a slash command action
+ * @returns A NonInteractiveSlashCommandResult describing the outcome
+ */
+function handleCommandResult(
+  result: SlashCommandActionReturn,
+): NonInteractiveSlashCommandResult {
+  switch (result.type) {
+    case 'submit_prompt':
+      return {
+        type: 'submit_prompt',
+        content: result.content,
+      };
+
+    case 'message':
+      return {
+        type: 'message',
+        messageType: result.messageType,
+        content: result.content,
+      };
+
+    case 'stream_messages':
+      return {
+        type: 'stream_messages',
+        messages: result.messages,
+      };
+
+    /**
+     * Currently return types below are never generated due to the
+     * whitelist of allowed slash commands in ACP and non-interactive mode.
+     * We'll try to add more supported return types in the future.
+     */
+    case 'tool':
+      return {
+        type: 'unsupported',
+        reason:
+          'Tool execution from slash commands is not supported in non-interactive mode.',
+        originalType: 'tool',
+      };
+
+    case 'quit':
+      return {
+        type: 'unsupported',
+        reason:
+          'Quit command is not supported in non-interactive mode. The process will exit naturally after completion.',
+        originalType: 'quit',
+      };
+
+    case 'dialog':
+      return {
+        type: 'unsupported',
+        reason: `Dialog '${result.dialog}' cannot be opened in non-interactive mode.`,
+        originalType: 'dialog',
+      };
+
+    case 'load_history':
+      return {
+        type: 'unsupported',
+        reason:
+          'Loading history is not supported in non-interactive mode. Each invocation starts with a fresh context.',
+        originalType: 'load_history',
+      };
+
+    case 'confirm_shell_commands':
+      return {
+        type: 'unsupported',
+        reason:
+          'Shell command confirmation is not supported in non-interactive mode. Use YOLO mode or pre-approve commands.',
+        originalType: 'confirm_shell_commands',
+      };
+
+    case 'confirm_action':
+      return {
+        type: 'unsupported',
+        reason:
+          'Action confirmation is not supported in non-interactive mode. Commands requiring confirmation cannot be executed.',
+        originalType: 'confirm_action',
+      };
+
+    default: {
+      // Exhaustiveness check
+      const _exhaustive: never = result;
+      return {
+        type: 'unsupported',
+        reason: `Unknown command result type: ${(_exhaustive as SlashCommandActionReturn).type}`,
+        originalType: 'unknown',
+      };
+    }
+  }
+}
 
 /**
  * Filters commands based on the allowed built-in command names.
@@ -62,122 +215,146 @@ function filterCommandsForNonInteractive(
  * @param config The configuration object
  * @param settings The loaded settings
  * @param allowedBuiltinCommandNames Optional array of built-in command names that are
- *   allowed. If not provided or empty, only file commands are available.
+ *   allowed. Defaults to ALLOWED_BUILTIN_COMMANDS_NON_INTERACTIVE (init, summary, compress).
- * @returns A Promise that resolves to `PartListUnion` if a valid command is
+ *   Pass an empty array to only allow file commands.
- *   found and results in a prompt, or `undefined` otherwise.
+ * @returns A Promise that resolves to a `NonInteractiveSlashCommandResult` describing
- * @throws {FatalInputError} if the command result is not supported in
+ *   the outcome of the command execution.
- *   non-interactive mode.
  */
 export const handleSlashCommand = async (
   rawQuery: string,
   abortController: AbortController,
   config: Config,
   settings: LoadedSettings,
-  allowedBuiltinCommandNames?: string[],
+  allowedBuiltinCommandNames: string[] = [
-): Promise<PartListUnion | undefined> => {
+    ...ALLOWED_BUILTIN_COMMANDS_NON_INTERACTIVE,
+  ],
+): Promise<NonInteractiveSlashCommandResult> => {
   const trimmed = rawQuery.trim();
   if (!trimmed.startsWith('/')) {
-    return;
+    return { type: 'no_command' };
   }
 
+  const isAcpMode = config.getExperimentalZedIntegration();
+  const isInteractive = config.isInteractive();
+
+  const executionMode = isAcpMode
+    ? 'acp'
+    : isInteractive
+      ? 'interactive'
+      : 'non_interactive';
+
   const allowedBuiltinSet = new Set(allowedBuiltinCommandNames ?? []);
 
-  // Only load BuiltinCommandLoader if there are allowed built-in commands
+  // Load all commands to check if the command exists but is not allowed
-  const loaders =
+  const allLoaders = [
-    allowedBuiltinSet.size > 0
+    new BuiltinCommandLoader(config),
-      ? [new BuiltinCommandLoader(config), new FileCommandLoader(config)]
+    new FileCommandLoader(config),
-      : [new FileCommandLoader(config)];
+  ];
 
   const commandService = await CommandService.create(
-    loaders,
+    allLoaders,
     abortController.signal,
   );
-  const commands = commandService.getCommands();
+  const allCommands = commandService.getCommands();
   const filteredCommands = filterCommandsForNonInteractive(
-    commands,
+    allCommands,
     allowedBuiltinSet,
   );
 
+  // First, try to parse with filtered commands
   const { commandToExecute, args } = parseSlashCommand(
     rawQuery,
     filteredCommands,
   );
 
-  if (commandToExecute) {
+  if (!commandToExecute) {
-    if (commandToExecute.action) {
+    // Check if this is a known command that's just not allowed
-      // Not used by custom commands but may be in the future.
+    const { commandToExecute: knownCommand } = parseSlashCommand(
-      const sessionStats: SessionStatsState = {
+      rawQuery,
-        sessionId: config?.getSessionId(),
+      allCommands,
-        sessionStartTime: new Date(),
+    );
-        metrics: uiTelemetryService.getMetrics(),
+
-        lastPromptTokenCount: 0,
+    if (knownCommand) {
-        promptCount: 1,
+      // Command exists but is not allowed in non-interactive mode
+      return {
+        type: 'unsupported',
+        reason: t(
+          'The command "/{{command}}" is not supported in non-interactive mode.',
+          { command: knownCommand.name },
+        ),
+        originalType: 'filtered_command',
       };
-
-      const logger = new Logger(config?.getSessionId() || '', config?.storage);
-
-      const context: CommandContext = {
-        services: {
-          config,
-          settings,
-          git: undefined,
-          logger,
-        },
-        ui: createNonInteractiveUI(),
-        session: {
-          stats: sessionStats,
-          sessionShellAllowlist: new Set(),
-        },
-        invocation: {
-          raw: trimmed,
-          name: commandToExecute.name,
-          args,
-        },
-      };
-
-      const result = await commandToExecute.action(context, args);
-
-      if (result) {
-        switch (result.type) {
-          case 'submit_prompt':
-            return result.content;
-          case 'confirm_shell_commands':
-            // This result indicates a command attempted to confirm shell commands.
-            // However note that currently, ShellTool is excluded in non-interactive
-            // mode unless 'YOLO mode' is active, so confirmation actually won't
-            // occur because of YOLO mode.
-            // This ensures that if a command *does* request confirmation (e.g.
-            // in the future with more granular permissions), it's handled appropriately.
-            throw new FatalInputError(
-              'Exiting due to a confirmation prompt requested by the command.',
-            );
-          default:
-            throw new FatalInputError(
-              'Exiting due to command result that is not supported in non-interactive mode.',
-            );
-        }
-      }
     }
+
+    return { type: 'no_command' };
   }
 
-  return;
+  if (!commandToExecute.action) {
+    return { type: 'no_command' };
+  }
+
+  // Not used by custom commands but may be in the future.
+  const sessionStats: SessionStatsState = {
+    sessionId: config?.getSessionId(),
+    sessionStartTime: new Date(),
+    metrics: uiTelemetryService.getMetrics(),
+    lastPromptTokenCount: 0,
+    promptCount: 1,
+  };
+
+  const logger = new Logger(config?.getSessionId() || '', config?.storage);
+
+  const context: CommandContext = {
+    executionMode,
+    services: {
+      config,
+      settings,
+      git: undefined,
+      logger,
+    },
+    ui: createNonInteractiveUI(),
+    session: {
+      stats: sessionStats,
+      sessionShellAllowlist: new Set(),
+    },
+    invocation: {
+      raw: trimmed,
+      name: commandToExecute.name,
+      args,
+    },
+  };
+
+  const result = await commandToExecute.action(context, args);
+
+  if (!result) {
+    // Command executed but returned no result (e.g., void return)
+    return {
+      type: 'message',
+      messageType: 'info',
+      content: 'Command executed successfully.',
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Handle different result types
+  return handleCommandResult(result);
 };
 
 /**
  * Retrieves all available slash commands for the current configuration.
  *
  * @param config The configuration object
- * @param settings The loaded settings
  * @param abortSignal Signal to cancel the loading process
  * @param allowedBuiltinCommandNames Optional array of built-in command names that are
- *   allowed. If not provided or empty, only file commands are available.
+ *   allowed. Defaults to ALLOWED_BUILTIN_COMMANDS_NON_INTERACTIVE (init, summary, compress).
+ *   Pass an empty array to only include file commands.
  * @returns A Promise that resolves to an array of SlashCommand objects
  */
 export const getAvailableCommands = async (
   config: Config,
-  settings: LoadedSettings,
   abortSignal: AbortSignal,
-  allowedBuiltinCommandNames?: string[],
+  allowedBuiltinCommandNames: string[] = [
+    ...ALLOWED_BUILTIN_COMMANDS_NON_INTERACTIVE,
+  ],
 ): Promise<SlashCommand[]> => {
   try {
     const allowedBuiltinSet = new Set(allowedBuiltinCommandNames ?? []);

packages/cli/src/ui/commands/compressCommand.ts

@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@ export const compressCommand: SlashCommand = {
   kind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
   action: async (context) => {
     const { ui } = context;
-    if (ui.pendingItem) {
+    const executionMode = context.executionMode ?? 'interactive';
+
+    if (executionMode === 'interactive' && ui.pendingItem) {
       ui.addItem(
         {
           type: MessageType.ERROR,
@@ -40,13 +42,80 @@ export const compressCommand: SlashCommand = {
       },
     };
 
-    try {
+    const config = context.services.config;
-      ui.setPendingItem(pendingMessage);
+    const geminiClient = config?.getGeminiClient();
+    if (!config || !geminiClient) {
+      return {
+        type: 'message',
+        messageType: 'error',
+        content: t('Config not loaded.'),
+      };
+    }
+
+    const doCompress = async () => {
       const promptId = `compress-${Date.now()}`;
-      const compressed = await context.services.config
+      return await geminiClient.tryCompressChat(promptId, true);
-        ?.getGeminiClient()
+    };
-        ?.tryCompressChat(promptId, true);
+
-      if (compressed) {
+    if (executionMode === 'acp') {
+      const messages = async function* () {
+        try {
+          yield {
+            messageType: 'info' as const,
+            content: 'Compressing context...',
+          };
+          const compressed = await doCompress();
+          if (!compressed) {
+            yield {
+              messageType: 'error' as const,
+              content: t('Failed to compress chat history.'),
+            };
+            return;
+          }
+          yield {
+            messageType: 'info' as const,
+            content: `Context compressed (${compressed.originalTokenCount} -> ${compressed.newTokenCount}).`,
+          };
+        } catch (e) {
+          yield {
+            messageType: 'error' as const,
+            content: t('Failed to compress chat history: {{error}}', {
+              error: e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e),
+            }),
+          };
+        }
+      };
+
+      return { type: 'stream_messages', messages: messages() };
+    }
+
+    try {
+      if (executionMode === 'interactive') {
+        ui.setPendingItem(pendingMessage);
+      }
+
+      const compressed = await doCompress();
+
+      if (!compressed) {
+        if (executionMode === 'interactive') {
+          ui.addItem(
+            {
+              type: MessageType.ERROR,
+              text: t('Failed to compress chat history.'),
+            },
+            Date.now(),
+          );
+          return;
+        }
+
+        return {
+          type: 'message',
+          messageType: 'error',
+          content: t('Failed to compress chat history.'),
+        };
+      }
+
+      if (executionMode === 'interactive') {
         ui.addItem(
           {
             type: MessageType.COMPRESSION,
@@ -59,27 +128,39 @@ export const compressCommand: SlashCommand = {
           } as HistoryItemCompression,
           Date.now(),
         );
-      } else {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      return {
+        type: 'message',
+        messageType: 'info',
+        content: `Context compressed (${compressed.originalTokenCount} -> ${compressed.newTokenCount}).`,
+      };
+    } catch (e) {
+      if (executionMode === 'interactive') {
         ui.addItem(
           {
             type: MessageType.ERROR,
-            text: t('Failed to compress chat history.'),
+            text: t('Failed to compress chat history: {{error}}', {
+              error: e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e),
+            }),
           },
           Date.now(),
         );
+        return;
       }
-    } catch (e) {
+
-      ui.addItem(
+      return {
-        {
+        type: 'message',
-          type: MessageType.ERROR,
+        messageType: 'error',
-          text: t('Failed to compress chat history: {{error}}', {
+        content: t('Failed to compress chat history: {{error}}', {
-            error: e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e),
+          error: e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e),
-          }),
+        }),
-        },
+      };
-        Date.now(),
-      );
     } finally {
-      ui.setPendingItem(null);
+      if (executionMode === 'interactive') {
+        ui.setPendingItem(null);
+      }
     }
   },
 };

packages/cli/src/ui/commands/languageCommand.test.ts

@@ -13,6 +13,16 @@ import { createMockCommandContext } from '../../test-utils/mockCommandContext.js
 vi.mock('../../i18n/index.js', () => ({
   setLanguageAsync: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
   getCurrentLanguage: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('en'),
+  detectSystemLanguage: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('en'),
+  getLanguageNameFromLocale: vi.fn((locale: string) => {
+    const map: Record<string, string> = {
+      zh: 'Chinese',
+      en: 'English',
+      ru: 'Russian',
+      de: 'German',
+    };
+    return map[locale] || 'English';
+  }),
   t: vi.fn((key: string) => key),
 }));
 
@@ -61,7 +71,10 @@ vi.mock('@qwen-code/qwen-code-core', async (importOriginal) => {
 
 // Import modules after mocking
 import * as i18n from '../../i18n/index.js';
-import { languageCommand } from './languageCommand.js';
+import {
+  languageCommand,
+  initializeLlmOutputLanguage,
+} from './languageCommand.js';
 
 describe('languageCommand', () => {
   let mockContext: CommandContext;
@@ -186,6 +199,39 @@ describe('languageCommand', () => {
         content: expect.stringContaining('Chinese'),
       });
     });
+
+    it('should parse Unicode LLM output language from marker', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(fs.existsSync).mockReturnValue(true);
+      vi.mocked(fs.readFileSync).mockReturnValue(
+        [
+          '# ⚠️ CRITICAL: 中文 Output Language Rule - HIGHEST PRIORITY ⚠️',
+          '<!-- qwen-code:llm-output-language: 中文 -->',
+          '',
+          'Some other content...',
+        ].join('\n'),
+      );
+
+      vi.mocked(i18n.t).mockImplementation(
+        (key: string, params?: Record<string, string>) => {
+          if (params && key.includes('{{lang}}')) {
+            return key.replace('{{lang}}', params['lang'] || '');
+          }
+          return key;
+        },
+      );
+
+      if (!languageCommand.action) {
+        throw new Error('The language command must have an action.');
+      }
+
+      const result = await languageCommand.action(mockContext, '');
+
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        type: 'message',
+        messageType: 'info',
+        content: expect.stringContaining('中文'),
+      });
+    });
   });
 
   describe('main command action - config not available', () => {
@@ -400,6 +446,34 @@ describe('languageCommand', () => {
       });
     });
 
+    it('should normalize locale code "ru" to "Russian"', async () => {
+      if (!languageCommand.action) {
+        throw new Error('The language command must have an action.');
+      }
+
+      await languageCommand.action(mockContext, 'output ru');
+
+      expect(fs.writeFileSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('output-language.md'),
+        expect.stringContaining('Russian'),
+        'utf-8',
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should normalize locale code "de" to "German"', async () => {
+      if (!languageCommand.action) {
+        throw new Error('The language command must have an action.');
+      }
+
+      await languageCommand.action(mockContext, 'output de');
+
+      expect(fs.writeFileSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('output-language.md'),
+        expect.stringContaining('German'),
+        'utf-8',
+      );
+    });
+
     it('should handle file write errors gracefully', async () => {
       vi.mocked(fs.writeFileSync).mockImplementation(() => {
         throw new Error('Permission denied');
@@ -481,6 +555,8 @@ describe('languageCommand', () => {
       const nestedNames = uiSubcommand?.subCommands?.map((c) => c.name);
       expect(nestedNames).toContain('zh-CN');
       expect(nestedNames).toContain('en-US');
+      expect(nestedNames).toContain('ru-RU');
+      expect(nestedNames).toContain('de-DE');
     });
 
     it('should have action that sets language', async () => {
@@ -542,16 +618,9 @@ describe('languageCommand', () => {
     const enUSSubcommand = uiSubcommand?.subCommands?.find(
       (c) => c.name === 'en-US',
     );
-
+    const deDESubcommand = uiSubcommand?.subCommands?.find(
-    it('zh-CN should have aliases', () => {
+      (c) => c.name === 'de-DE',
-      expect(zhCNSubcommand?.altNames).toContain('zh');
+    );
-      expect(zhCNSubcommand?.altNames).toContain('chinese');
-    });
-
-    it('en-US should have aliases', () => {
-      expect(enUSSubcommand?.altNames).toContain('en');
-      expect(enUSSubcommand?.altNames).toContain('english');
-    });
 
     it('zh-CN action should set Chinese', async () => {
       if (!zhCNSubcommand?.action) {
@@ -583,6 +652,21 @@ describe('languageCommand', () => {
       });
     });
 
+    it('de-DE action should set German', async () => {
+      if (!deDESubcommand?.action) {
+        throw new Error('de-DE subcommand must have an action.');
+      }
+
+      const result = await deDESubcommand.action(mockContext, '');
+
+      expect(i18n.setLanguageAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('de');
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        type: 'message',
+        messageType: 'info',
+        content: expect.stringContaining('UI language changed'),
+      });
+    });
+
     it('should reject extra arguments', async () => {
       if (!zhCNSubcommand?.action) {
         throw new Error('zh-CN subcommand must have an action.');
@@ -597,4 +681,74 @@ describe('languageCommand', () => {
       });
     });
   });
+
+  describe('initializeLlmOutputLanguage', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      vi.clearAllMocks();
+      vi.mocked(fs.existsSync).mockReturnValue(false);
+      vi.mocked(fs.mkdirSync).mockImplementation(() => undefined);
+      vi.mocked(fs.writeFileSync).mockImplementation(() => undefined);
+    });
+
+    it('should create file when it does not exist', () => {
+      vi.mocked(fs.existsSync).mockReturnValue(false);
+      vi.mocked(i18n.detectSystemLanguage).mockReturnValue('en');
+
+      initializeLlmOutputLanguage();
+
+      expect(fs.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(fs.writeFileSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('output-language.md'),
+        expect.stringContaining('English'),
+        'utf-8',
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should NOT overwrite existing file', () => {
+      vi.mocked(fs.existsSync).mockReturnValue(true);
+
+      initializeLlmOutputLanguage();
+
+      expect(fs.writeFileSync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should detect Chinese locale and create Chinese rule file', () => {
+      vi.mocked(fs.existsSync).mockReturnValue(false);
+      vi.mocked(i18n.detectSystemLanguage).mockReturnValue('zh');
+
+      initializeLlmOutputLanguage();
+
+      expect(fs.writeFileSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('output-language.md'),
+        expect.stringContaining('Chinese'),
+        'utf-8',
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should detect Russian locale and create Russian rule file', () => {
+      vi.mocked(fs.existsSync).mockReturnValue(false);
+      vi.mocked(i18n.detectSystemLanguage).mockReturnValue('ru');
+
+      initializeLlmOutputLanguage();
+
+      expect(fs.writeFileSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('output-language.md'),
+        expect.stringContaining('Russian'),
+        'utf-8',
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should detect German locale and create German rule file', () => {
+      vi.mocked(fs.existsSync).mockReturnValue(false);
+      vi.mocked(i18n.detectSystemLanguage).mockReturnValue('de');
+
+      initializeLlmOutputLanguage();
+
+      expect(fs.writeFileSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('output-language.md'),
+        expect.stringContaining('German'),
+        'utf-8',
+      );
+    });
+  });
 });

packages/cli/src/ui/commands/languageCommand.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * @license
- * Copyright 2025 Google LLC
+ * Copyright 2025 Qwen team
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
 
@@ -15,51 +15,72 @@ import { SettingScope } from '../../config/settings.js';
 import {
   setLanguageAsync,
   getCurrentLanguage,
+  detectSystemLanguage,
+  getLanguageNameFromLocale,
   type SupportedLanguage,
   t,
 } from '../../i18n/index.js';
+import {
+  SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES,
+  type LanguageDefinition,
+} from '../../i18n/languages.js';
 import * as fs from 'node:fs';
 import * as path from 'node:path';
 import { Storage } from '@qwen-code/qwen-code-core';
 
 const LLM_OUTPUT_LANGUAGE_RULE_FILENAME = 'output-language.md';
+const LLM_OUTPUT_LANGUAGE_MARKER_PREFIX = 'qwen-code:llm-output-language:';
+
+function parseUiLanguageArg(input: string): SupportedLanguage | null {
+  const lowered = input.trim().toLowerCase();
+  if (!lowered) return null;
+  for (const lang of SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES) {
+    if (
+      lowered === lang.code ||
+      lowered === lang.id.toLowerCase() ||
+      lowered === lang.fullName.toLowerCase()
+    ) {
+      return lang.code;
+    }
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+function formatUiLanguageDisplay(lang: SupportedLanguage): string {
+  const option = SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.find((o) => o.code === lang);
+  return option ? `${option.fullName}（${option.id}）` : lang;
+}
+
+function sanitizeLanguageForMarker(language: string): string {
+  // HTML comments cannot contain "--" or end markers like "-->" or "--!>" safely.
+  // Also avoid newlines to keep the marker single-line and robust to parsing.
+  return language
+    .replace(/[\r\n]/g, ' ')
+    .replace(/--!?>/g, '')
+    .replace(/--/g, '');
+}
 
 /**
  * Generates the LLM output language rule template based on the language name.
  */
 function generateLlmOutputLanguageRule(language: string): string {
-  return `# ⚠️ CRITICAL: ${language} Output Language Rule - HIGHEST PRIORITY ⚠️
+  const markerLanguage = sanitizeLanguageForMarker(language);
+  return `# Output language preference: ${language}
+<!-- ${LLM_OUTPUT_LANGUAGE_MARKER_PREFIX} ${markerLanguage} -->
 
-## 🚨 MANDATORY RULE - NO EXCEPTIONS 🚨
+## Goal
+Prefer responding in **${language}** for normal assistant messages and explanations.
 
-**YOU MUST RESPOND IN ${language.toUpperCase()} FOR EVERY SINGLE OUTPUT, REGARDLESS OF THE USER'S INPUT LANGUAGE.**
+## Keep technical artifacts unchanged
+Do **not** translate or rewrite:
+- Code blocks, CLI commands, file paths, stack traces, logs, JSON keys, identifiers
+- Exact quoted text from the user (keep quotes verbatim)
 
-This is a **NON-NEGOTIABLE** requirement. Even if the user writes in English, says "hi", asks a simple question, or explicitly requests another language, **YOU MUST ALWAYS RESPOND IN ${language.toUpperCase()}.**
+## When a conflict exists
+If higher-priority instructions (system/developer) require a different behavior, follow them.
 
-## What Must Be in ${language}
+## Tool / system outputs
-
+Raw tool/system outputs may contain fixed-format English. Preserve them verbatim, and if needed, add a short **${language}** explanation below.
-**EVERYTHING** you output: conversation replies, tool call descriptions, success/error messages, generated file content (comments, documentation), and all explanatory text.
-
-**Tool outputs**: All descriptive text from \`read_file\`, \`write_file\`, \`codebase_search\`, \`run_terminal_cmd\`, \`todo_write\`, \`web_search\`, etc. MUST be in ${language}.
-
-## Examples
-
-### ✅ CORRECT:
-- User says "hi" → Respond in ${language} (e.g., "Bonjour" if ${language} is French)
-- Tool result → "已成功读取文件 config.json" (if ${language} is Chinese)
-- Error → "无法找到指定的文件" (if ${language} is Chinese)
-
-### ❌ WRONG:
-- User says "hi" → "Hello" in English
-- Tool result → "Successfully read file" in English
-- Error → "File not found" in English
-
-## Notes
-
-- Code elements (variable/function names, syntax) can remain in English
-- Comments, documentation, and all other text MUST be in ${language}
-
-**THIS RULE IS ACTIVE NOW. ALL OUTPUTS MUST BE IN ${language.toUpperCase()}. NO EXCEPTIONS.**
 `;
 }
 
@@ -73,6 +94,80 @@ function getLlmOutputLanguageRulePath(): string {
   );
 }
 
+/**
+ * Normalizes a language input to its full English name.
+ * If the input is a known locale code (e.g., "ru", "zh"), converts it to the full name.
+ * Otherwise, returns the input as-is (e.g., "Japanese" stays "Japanese").
+ */
+function normalizeLanguageName(language: string): string {
+  const lowered = language.toLowerCase();
+  // Check if it's a known locale code and convert to full name
+  const fullName = getLanguageNameFromLocale(lowered);
+  // If getLanguageNameFromLocale returned a different value, use it
+  // Otherwise, use the original input (preserves case for unknown languages)
+  if (fullName !== 'English' || lowered === 'en') {
+    return fullName;
+  }
+  return language;
+}
+
+function extractLlmOutputLanguageFromRuleFileContent(
+  content: string,
+): string | null {
+  // Preferred: machine-readable marker that supports Unicode and spaces.
+  // Example: <!-- qwen-code:llm-output-language: 中文 -->
+  const markerMatch = content.match(
+    new RegExp(
+      String.raw`<!--\s*${LLM_OUTPUT_LANGUAGE_MARKER_PREFIX}\s*(.*?)\s*-->`,
+      'i',
+    ),
+  );
+  if (markerMatch?.[1]) {
+    const lang = markerMatch[1].trim();
+    if (lang) return lang;
+  }
+
+  // Backward compatibility: parse the heading line.
+  // Example: "# CRITICAL: Chinese Output Language Rule - HIGHEST PRIORITY"
+  // Example: "# ⚠️ CRITICAL: 日本語 Output Language Rule - HIGHEST PRIORITY ⚠️"
+  const headingMatch = content.match(
+    /^#.*?CRITICAL:\s*(.*?)\s+Output Language Rule\b/im,
+  );
+  if (headingMatch?.[1]) {
+    const lang = headingMatch[1].trim();
+    if (lang) return lang;
+  }
+
+  return null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the LLM output language rule file on first startup.
+ * If the file already exists, it is not overwritten (respects user preference).
+ */
+export function initializeLlmOutputLanguage(): void {
+  const filePath = getLlmOutputLanguageRulePath();
+
+  // Skip if file already exists (user preference)
+  if (fs.existsSync(filePath)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Detect system language and map to language name
+  const detectedLocale = detectSystemLanguage();
+  const languageName = getLanguageNameFromLocale(detectedLocale);
+
+  // Generate the rule file
+  const content = generateLlmOutputLanguageRule(languageName);
+
+  // Ensure directory exists
+  const dir = path.dirname(filePath);
+  fs.mkdirSync(dir, { recursive: true });
+
+  // Write file
+  fs.writeFileSync(filePath, content, 'utf-8');
+}
+
 /**
  * Gets the current LLM output language from the rule file if it exists.
  */
@@ -81,12 +176,7 @@ function getCurrentLlmOutputLanguage(): string | null {
   if (fs.existsSync(filePath)) {
     try {
       const content = fs.readFileSync(filePath, 'utf-8');
-      // Extract language name from the first line
+      return extractLlmOutputLanguageFromRuleFileContent(content);
-      // Template format: "# CRITICAL: Chinese Output Language Rule - HIGHEST PRIORITY"
-      const match = content.match(/^#.*?(\w+)\s+Output Language Rule/i);
-      if (match) {
-        return match[1];
-      }
     } catch {
       // Ignore errors
     }
@@ -127,18 +217,11 @@ async function setUiLanguage(
   // Reload commands to update their descriptions with the new language
   context.ui.reloadCommands();
 
-  // Map language codes to friendly display names
-  const langDisplayNames: Partial<Record<SupportedLanguage, string>> = {
-    zh: '中文（zh-CN）',
-    en: 'English（en-US）',
-    ru: 'Русский (ru-RU)',
-  };
-
   return {
     type: 'message',
     messageType: 'info',
     content: t('UI language changed to {{lang}}', {
-      lang: langDisplayNames[lang] || lang,
+      lang: formatUiLanguageDisplay(lang),
     }),
   };
 }
@@ -151,7 +234,9 @@ function generateLlmOutputLanguageRuleFile(
 ): Promise<MessageActionReturn> {
   try {
     const filePath = getLlmOutputLanguageRulePath();
-    const content = generateLlmOutputLanguageRule(language);
+    // Normalize locale codes (e.g., "ru" -> "Russian") to full language names
+    const normalizedLanguage = normalizeLanguageName(language);
+    const content = generateLlmOutputLanguageRule(normalizedLanguage);
 
     // Ensure directory exists
     const dir = path.dirname(filePath);
@@ -196,7 +281,6 @@ export const languageCommand: SlashCommand = {
     args: string,
   ): Promise<SlashCommandActionReturn> => {
     const { services } = context;
-
     if (!services.config) {
       return {
         type: 'message',
@@ -207,18 +291,37 @@ export const languageCommand: SlashCommand = {
 
     const trimmedArgs = args.trim();
 
+    // Handle subcommands if called directly via action (for tests/backward compatibility)
+    const parts = trimmedArgs.split(/\s+/);
+    const firstArg = parts[0].toLowerCase();
+    const subArgs = parts.slice(1).join(' ');
+
+    if (firstArg === 'ui' || firstArg === 'output') {
+      const subCommand = languageCommand.subCommands?.find(
+        (s) => s.name === firstArg,
+      );
+      if (subCommand?.action) {
+        return subCommand.action(
+          context,
+          subArgs,
+        ) as Promise<SlashCommandActionReturn>;
+      }
+    }
+
     // If no arguments, show current language settings and usage
     if (!trimmedArgs) {
       const currentUiLang = getCurrentLanguage();
       const currentLlmLang = getCurrentLlmOutputLanguage();
       const message = [
-        t('Current UI language: {{lang}}', { lang: currentUiLang }),
+        t('Current UI language: {{lang}}', {
+          lang: formatUiLanguageDisplay(currentUiLang as SupportedLanguage),
+        }),
         currentLlmLang
           ? t('Current LLM output language: {{lang}}', { lang: currentLlmLang })
           : t('LLM output language not set'),
         '',
         t('Available subcommands:'),
-        `  /language ui [zh-CN|en-US|ru-RU] - ${t('Set UI language')}`,
+        `  /language ui [${SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.map((o) => o.id).join('|')}] - ${t('Set UI language')}`,
         `  /language output <language> - ${t('Set LLM output language')}`,
       ].join('\n');
 
@@ -229,115 +332,21 @@ export const languageCommand: SlashCommand = {
       };
     }
 
-    // Parse subcommand
+    // Handle backward compatibility for /language [lang]
-    const parts = trimmedArgs.split(/\s+/);
+    const targetLang = parseUiLanguageArg(trimmedArgs);
-    const subcommand = parts[0].toLowerCase();
+    if (targetLang) {
-
-    if (subcommand === 'ui') {
-      // Handle /language ui [zh-CN|en-US|ru-RU]
-      if (parts.length === 1) {
-        // Show UI language subcommand help
-        return {
-          type: 'message',
-          messageType: 'info',
-          content: [
-            t('Set UI language'),
-            '',
-            t('Usage: /language ui [zh-CN|en-US|ru-RU]'),
-            '',
-            t('Available options:'),
-            t('  - zh-CN: Simplified Chinese'),
-            t('  - en-US: English'),
-            t('  - ru-RU: Russian'),
-            '',
-            t(
-              'To request additional UI language packs, please open an issue on GitHub.',
-            ),
-          ].join('\n'),
-        };
-      }
-
-      const langArg = parts[1].toLowerCase();
-      let targetLang: SupportedLanguage | null = null;
-
-      if (langArg === 'en' || langArg === 'english' || langArg === 'en-us') {
-        targetLang = 'en';
-      } else if (
-        langArg === 'zh' ||
-        langArg === 'chinese' ||
-        langArg === '中文' ||
-        langArg === 'zh-cn'
-      ) {
-        targetLang = 'zh';
-      } else if (
-        langArg === 'ru' ||
-        langArg === 'ru-RU' ||
-        langArg === 'russian' ||
-        langArg === 'русский'
-      ) {
-        targetLang = 'ru';
-      } else {
-        return {
-          type: 'message',
-          messageType: 'error',
-          content: t('Invalid language. Available: en-US, zh-CN, ru-RU'),
-        };
-      }
-
-      return setUiLanguage(context, targetLang);
-    } else if (subcommand === 'output') {
-      // Handle /language output <language>
-      if (parts.length === 1) {
-        return {
-          type: 'message',
-          messageType: 'info',
-          content: [
-            t('Set LLM output language'),
-            '',
-            t('Usage: /language output <language>'),
-            `  ${t('Example: /language output 中文')}`,
-          ].join('\n'),
-        };
-      }
-
-      // Join all parts after "output" as the language name
-      const language = parts.slice(1).join(' ');
-      return generateLlmOutputLanguageRuleFile(language);
-    } else {
-      // Backward compatibility: treat as UI language
-      const langArg = trimmedArgs.toLowerCase();
-      let targetLang: SupportedLanguage | null = null;
-
-      if (langArg === 'en' || langArg === 'english' || langArg === 'en-us') {
-        targetLang = 'en';
-      } else if (
-        langArg === 'zh' ||
-        langArg === 'chinese' ||
-        langArg === '中文' ||
-        langArg === 'zh-cn'
-      ) {
-        targetLang = 'zh';
-      } else if (
-        langArg === 'ru' ||
-        langArg === 'ru-RU' ||
-        langArg === 'russian' ||
-        langArg === 'русский'
-      ) {
-        targetLang = 'ru';
-      } else {
-        return {
-          type: 'message',
-          messageType: 'error',
-          content: [
-            t('Invalid command. Available subcommands:'),
-            '  - /language ui [zh-CN|en-US|ru-RU] - ' + t('Set UI language'),
-            '  - /language output <language> - ' + t('Set LLM output language'),
-          ].join('\n'),
-        };
-      }
-
       return setUiLanguage(context, targetLang);
     }
+
+    return {
+      type: 'message',
+      messageType: 'error',
+      content: [
+        t('Invalid command. Available subcommands:'),
+        `  - /language ui [${SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.map((o) => o.id).join('|')}] - ${t('Set UI language')}`,
+        '  - /language output <language> - ' + t('Set LLM output language'),
+      ].join('\n'),
+    };
   },
   subCommands: [
     {
@@ -358,11 +367,14 @@ export const languageCommand: SlashCommand = {
             content: [
               t('Set UI language'),
               '',
-              t('Usage: /language ui [zh-CN|en-US]'),
+              t('Usage: /language ui [{{options}}]', {
+                options: SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.map((o) => o.id).join('|'),
+              }),
               '',
               t('Available options:'),
-              t('  - zh-CN: Simplified Chinese'),
+              ...SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.map(
-              t('  - en-US: English'),
+                (o) => `  - ${o.id}: ${t(o.fullName)}`,
+              ),
               '',
               t(
                 'To request additional UI language packs, please open an issue on GitHub.',
@@ -371,99 +383,20 @@ export const languageCommand: SlashCommand = {
           };
         }
 
-        const langArg = trimmedArgs.toLowerCase();
+        const targetLang = parseUiLanguageArg(trimmedArgs);
-        let targetLang: SupportedLanguage | null = null;
+        if (!targetLang) {
-
-        if (langArg === 'en' || langArg === 'english' || langArg === 'en-us') {
-          targetLang = 'en';
-        } else if (
-          langArg === 'zh' ||
-          langArg === 'chinese' ||
-          langArg === '中文' ||
-          langArg === 'zh-cn'
-        ) {
-          targetLang = 'zh';
-        } else {
           return {
             type: 'message',
             messageType: 'error',
-            content: t('Invalid language. Available: en-US, zh-CN'),
+            content: t('Invalid language. Available: {{options}}', {
+              options: SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.map((o) => o.id).join(','),
+            }),
           };
         }
 
         return setUiLanguage(context, targetLang);
       },
-      subCommands: [
+      subCommands: SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.map(createUiLanguageSubCommand),
-        {
-          name: 'zh-CN',
-          altNames: ['zh', 'chinese', '中文'],
-          get description() {
-            return t('Set UI language to Simplified Chinese (zh-CN)');
-          },
-          kind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
-          action: async (
-            context: CommandContext,
-            args: string,
-          ): Promise<MessageActionReturn> => {
-            if (args.trim().length > 0) {
-              return {
-                type: 'message',
-                messageType: 'error',
-                content: t(
-                  'Language subcommands do not accept additional arguments.',
-                ),
-              };
-            }
-            return setUiLanguage(context, 'zh');
-          },
-        },
-        {
-          name: 'en-US',
-          altNames: ['en', 'english'],
-          get description() {
-            return t('Set UI language to English (en-US)');
-          },
-          kind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
-          action: async (
-            context: CommandContext,
-            args: string,
-          ): Promise<MessageActionReturn> => {
-            if (args.trim().length > 0) {
-              return {
-                type: 'message',
-                messageType: 'error',
-                content: t(
-                  'Language subcommands do not accept additional arguments.',
-                ),
-              };
-            }
-            return setUiLanguage(context, 'en');
-          },
-        },
-        {
-          name: 'ru-RU',
-          altNames: ['ru', 'russian', 'русский'],
-          get description() {
-            return t('Set UI language to Russian (ru-RU)');
-          },
-          kind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
-          action: async (
-            context: CommandContext,
-            args: string,
-          ): Promise<MessageActionReturn> => {
-            if (args.trim().length > 0) {
-              return {
-                type: 'message',
-                messageType: 'error',
-                content: t(
-                  'Language subcommands do not accept additional arguments.',
-                ),
-              };
-            }
-            return setUiLanguage(context, 'ru');
-          },
-        },
-      ],
     },
     {
       name: 'output',
@@ -496,3 +429,28 @@ export const languageCommand: SlashCommand = {
     },
   ],
 };
+
+/**
+ * Helper to create a UI language subcommand.
+ */
+function createUiLanguageSubCommand(option: LanguageDefinition): SlashCommand {
+  return {
+    name: option.id,
+    get description() {
+      return t('Set UI language to {{name}}', { name: option.fullName });
+    },
+    kind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
+    action: async (context, args) => {
+      if (args.trim().length > 0) {
+        return {
+          type: 'message',
+          messageType: 'error',
+          content: t(
+            'Language subcommands do not accept additional arguments.',
+          ),
+        };
+      }
+      return setUiLanguage(context, option.code);
+    },
+  };
+}

packages/cli/src/ui/commands/summaryCommand.ts

@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ export const summaryCommand: SlashCommand = {
   action: async (context): Promise<SlashCommandActionReturn> => {
     const { config } = context.services;
     const { ui } = context;
+    const executionMode = context.executionMode ?? 'interactive';
+
     if (!config) {
       return {
         type: 'message',
@@ -43,8 +45,8 @@ export const summaryCommand: SlashCommand = {
       };
     }
 
-    // Check if already generating summary
+    // Check if already generating summary (interactive UI only)
-    if (ui.pendingItem) {
+    if (executionMode === 'interactive' && ui.pendingItem) {
       ui.addItem(
         {
           type: 'error' as const,
@@ -63,29 +65,22 @@ export const summaryCommand: SlashCommand = {
       };
     }
 
-    try {
+    const getChatHistory = () => {
-      // Get the current chat history
       const chat = geminiClient.getChat();
-      const history = chat.getHistory();
+      return chat.getHistory();
+    };
 
+    const validateChatHistory = (
+      history: ReturnType<typeof getChatHistory>,
+    ) => {
       if (history.length <= 2) {
-        return {
+        throw new Error(t('No conversation found to summarize.'));
-          type: 'message',
-          messageType: 'info',
-          content: t('No conversation found to summarize.'),
-        };
       }
+    };
 
-      // Show loading state
+    const generateSummaryMarkdown = async (
-      const pendingMessage: HistoryItemSummary = {
+      history: ReturnType<typeof getChatHistory>,
-        type: 'summary',
+    ): Promise<string> => {
-        summary: {
-          isPending: true,
-          stage: 'generating',
-        },
-      };
-      ui.setPendingItem(pendingMessage);
-
       // Build the conversation context for summary generation
       const conversationContext = history.map((message) => ({
         role: message.role,
@@ -121,19 +116,21 @@ export const summaryCommand: SlashCommand = {
 
       if (!markdownSummary) {
         throw new Error(
-          'Failed to generate summary - no text content received from LLM response',
+          t(
+            'Failed to generate summary - no text content received from LLM response',
+          ),
         );
       }
 
-      // Update loading message to show saving progress
+      return markdownSummary;
-      ui.setPendingItem({
+    };
-        type: 'summary',
-        summary: {
-          isPending: true,
-          stage: 'saving',
-        },
-      });
 
+    const saveSummaryToDisk = async (
+      markdownSummary: string,
+    ): Promise<{
+      filePathForDisplay: string;
+      fullPath: string;
+    }> => {
       // Ensure .qwen directory exists
       const projectRoot = config.getProjectRoot();
       const qwenDir = path.join(projectRoot, '.qwen');
@@ -155,45 +152,163 @@ export const summaryCommand: SlashCommand = {
 
       await fsPromises.writeFile(summaryPath, summaryContent, 'utf8');
 
-      // Clear pending item and show success message
+      return {
+        filePathForDisplay: '.qwen/PROJECT_SUMMARY.md',
+        fullPath: summaryPath,
+      };
+    };
+
+    const emitInteractivePending = (stage: 'generating' | 'saving') => {
+      if (executionMode !== 'interactive') {
+        return;
+      }
+      const pendingMessage: HistoryItemSummary = {
+        type: 'summary',
+        summary: {
+          isPending: true,
+          stage,
+        },
+      };
+      ui.setPendingItem(pendingMessage);
+    };
+
+    const completeInteractive = (filePathForDisplay: string) => {
+      if (executionMode !== 'interactive') {
+        return;
+      }
       ui.setPendingItem(null);
       const completedSummaryItem: HistoryItemSummary = {
         type: 'summary',
         summary: {
           isPending: false,
           stage: 'completed',
-          filePath: '.qwen/PROJECT_SUMMARY.md',
+          filePath: filePathForDisplay,
         },
       };
       ui.addItem(completedSummaryItem, Date.now());
+    };
 
-      return {
+    const formatErrorMessage = (error: unknown): string =>
-        type: 'message',
+      t('Failed to generate project context summary: {{error}}', {
-        messageType: 'info',
+        error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
-        content: '', // Empty content since we show the message in UI component
+      });
-      };
+
-    } catch (error) {
+    const failInteractive = (error: unknown) => {
-      // Clear pending item on error
+      if (executionMode !== 'interactive') {
+        return;
+      }
       ui.setPendingItem(null);
       ui.addItem(
         {
           type: 'error' as const,
-          text: `❌ ${t(
+          text: `❌ ${formatErrorMessage(error)}`,
-            'Failed to generate project context summary: {{error}}',
-            {
-              error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
-            },
-          )}`,
         },
         Date.now(),
       );
+    };
+
+    const formatSuccessMessage = (filePathForDisplay: string): string =>
+      t('Saved project summary to {{filePathForDisplay}}.', {
+        filePathForDisplay,
+      });
+
+    const returnNoConversationMessage = (): SlashCommandActionReturn => {
+      const msg = t('No conversation found to summarize.');
+      if (executionMode === 'acp') {
+        const messages = async function* () {
+          yield {
+            messageType: 'info' as const,
+            content: msg,
+          };
+        };
+        return {
+          type: 'stream_messages',
+          messages: messages(),
+        };
+      }
+      return {
+        type: 'message',
+        messageType: 'info',
+        content: msg,
+      };
+    };
+
+    const executeSummaryGeneration = async (
+      history: ReturnType<typeof getChatHistory>,
+    ): Promise<{
+      markdownSummary: string;
+      filePathForDisplay: string;
+    }> => {
+      emitInteractivePending('generating');
+      const markdownSummary = await generateSummaryMarkdown(history);
+      emitInteractivePending('saving');
+      const { filePathForDisplay } = await saveSummaryToDisk(markdownSummary);
+      completeInteractive(filePathForDisplay);
+      return { markdownSummary, filePathForDisplay };
+    };
+
+    // Validate chat history once at the beginning
+    const history = getChatHistory();
+    try {
+      validateChatHistory(history);
+    } catch (_error) {
+      return returnNoConversationMessage();
+    }
+
+    if (executionMode === 'acp') {
+      const messages = async function* () {
+        try {
+          yield {
+            messageType: 'info' as const,
+            content: t('Generating project summary...'),
+          };
+
+          const { filePathForDisplay } =
+            await executeSummaryGeneration(history);
+
+          yield {
+            messageType: 'info' as const,
+            content: formatSuccessMessage(filePathForDisplay),
+          };
+        } catch (error) {
+          failInteractive(error);
+          yield {
+            messageType: 'error' as const,
+            content: formatErrorMessage(error),
+          };
+        }
+      };
+
+      return {
+        type: 'stream_messages',
+        messages: messages(),
+      };
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const { filePathForDisplay } = await executeSummaryGeneration(history);
+
+      if (executionMode === 'non_interactive') {
+        return {
+          type: 'message',
+          messageType: 'info',
+          content: formatSuccessMessage(filePathForDisplay),
+        };
+      }
+
+      // Interactive mode: UI components already display progress and completion.
+      return {
+        type: 'message',
+        messageType: 'info',
+        content: '',
+      };
+    } catch (error) {
+      failInteractive(error);
 
       return {
         type: 'message',
         messageType: 'error',
-        content: t('Failed to generate project context summary: {{error}}', {
+        content: formatErrorMessage(error),
-          error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
-        }),
       };
     }
   },

packages/cli/src/ui/commands/types.ts

@@ -22,6 +22,14 @@ import type {
 
 // Grouped dependencies for clarity and easier mocking
 export interface CommandContext {
+  /**
+   * Execution mode for the current invocation.
+   *
+   * - interactive: React/Ink UI mode
+   * - non_interactive: non-interactive CLI mode (text/json)
+   * - acp: ACP/Zed integration mode
+   */
+  executionMode?: 'interactive' | 'non_interactive' | 'acp';
   // Invocation properties for when commands are called.
   invocation?: {
     /** The raw, untrimmed input string from the user. */
@@ -108,6 +116,19 @@ export interface MessageActionReturn {
   content: string;
 }
 
+/**
+ * The return type for a command action that streams multiple messages.
+ * Used for long-running operations that need to send progress updates.
+ */
+export interface StreamMessagesActionReturn {
+  type: 'stream_messages';
+  messages: AsyncGenerator<
+    { messageType: 'info' | 'error'; content: string },
+    void,
+    unknown
+  >;
+}
+
 /**
  * The return type for a command action that needs to open a dialog.
  */
@@ -174,6 +195,7 @@ export interface ConfirmActionReturn {
 export type SlashCommandActionReturn =
   | ToolActionReturn
   | MessageActionReturn
+  | StreamMessagesActionReturn
   | QuitActionReturn
   | OpenDialogActionReturn
   | LoadHistoryActionReturn

packages/cli/src/ui/hooks/slashCommandProcessor.ts

@@ -520,6 +520,13 @@ export const useSlashCommandProcessor = (
                     true,
                   );
                 }
+                case 'stream_messages': {
+                  // stream_messages is only used in ACP/Zed integration mode
+                  // and should not be returned in interactive UI mode
+                  throw new Error(
+                    'stream_messages result type is not supported in interactive mode',
+                  );
+                }
                 default: {
                   const unhandled: never = result;
                   throw new Error(

packages/cli/src/ui/hooks/useLoadingIndicator.test.ts

@@ -8,19 +8,22 @@ import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest';
 import { renderHook, act } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { useLoadingIndicator } from './useLoadingIndicator.js';
 import { StreamingState } from '../types.js';
-import {
+import { PHRASE_CHANGE_INTERVAL_MS } from './usePhraseCycler.js';
-  WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES,
+import * as i18n from '../../i18n/index.js';
-  PHRASE_CHANGE_INTERVAL_MS,
+
-} from './usePhraseCycler.js';
+const MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES = ['Phrase 1', 'Phrase 2', 'Phrase 3'];
 
 describe('useLoadingIndicator', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     vi.useFakeTimers();
+    vi.spyOn(i18n, 'ta').mockReturnValue(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES);
+    vi.spyOn(i18n, 't').mockImplementation((key) => key);
   });
 
   afterEach(() => {
     vi.useRealTimers(); // Restore real timers after each test
     act(() => vi.runOnlyPendingTimers);
+    vi.restoreAllMocks();
   });
 
   it('should initialize with default values when Idle', () => {
@@ -28,9 +31,7 @@ describe('useLoadingIndicator', () => {
       useLoadingIndicator(StreamingState.Idle),
     );
     expect(result.current.elapsedTime).toBe(0);
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(result.current.currentLoadingPhrase);
-      result.current.currentLoadingPhrase,
-    );
   });
 
   it('should reflect values when Responding', async () => {
@@ -40,18 +41,14 @@ describe('useLoadingIndicator', () => {
 
     // Initial state before timers advance
     expect(result.current.elapsedTime).toBe(0);
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(result.current.currentLoadingPhrase);
-      result.current.currentLoadingPhrase,
-    );
 
     await act(async () => {
       await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(PHRASE_CHANGE_INTERVAL_MS + 1);
     });
 
     // Phrase should cycle if PHRASE_CHANGE_INTERVAL_MS has passed
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(result.current.currentLoadingPhrase);
-      result.current.currentLoadingPhrase,
-    );
   });
 
   it('should show waiting phrase and retain elapsedTime when WaitingForConfirmation', async () => {
@@ -104,9 +101,7 @@ describe('useLoadingIndicator', () => {
       rerender({ streamingState: StreamingState.Responding });
     });
     expect(result.current.elapsedTime).toBe(0); // Should reset
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(result.current.currentLoadingPhrase);
-      result.current.currentLoadingPhrase,
-    );
 
     await act(async () => {
       await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1000);
@@ -130,9 +125,7 @@ describe('useLoadingIndicator', () => {
     });
 
     expect(result.current.elapsedTime).toBe(0);
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(result.current.currentLoadingPhrase);
-      result.current.currentLoadingPhrase,
-    );
 
     // Timer should not advance
     await act(async () => {

packages/cli/src/ui/hooks/usePhraseCycler.test.ts

@@ -8,13 +8,17 @@ import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest';
 import { renderHook, act } from '@testing-library/react';
 import {
   usePhraseCycler,
-  WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES,
   PHRASE_CHANGE_INTERVAL_MS,
 } from './usePhraseCycler.js';
+import * as i18n from '../../i18n/index.js';
+
+const MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES = ['Phrase 1', 'Phrase 2', 'Phrase 3'];
 
 describe('usePhraseCycler', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     vi.useFakeTimers();
+    vi.spyOn(i18n, 'ta').mockReturnValue(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES);
+    vi.spyOn(i18n, 't').mockImplementation((key) => key);
   });
 
   afterEach(() => {
@@ -23,7 +27,7 @@ describe('usePhraseCycler', () => {
 
   it('should initialize with a witty phrase when not active and not waiting', () => {
     const { result } = renderHook(() => usePhraseCycler(false, false));
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
   });
 
   it('should show "Waiting for user confirmation..." when isWaiting is true', () => {
@@ -47,35 +51,30 @@ describe('usePhraseCycler', () => {
   it('should cycle through witty phrases when isActive is true and not waiting', () => {
     const { result } = renderHook(() => usePhraseCycler(true, false));
     // Initial phrase should be one of the witty phrases
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
     const _initialPhrase = result.current;
 
     act(() => {
       vi.advanceTimersByTime(PHRASE_CHANGE_INTERVAL_MS);
     });
     // Phrase should change and be one of the witty phrases
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
 
     const _secondPhrase = result.current;
     act(() => {
       vi.advanceTimersByTime(PHRASE_CHANGE_INTERVAL_MS);
     });
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
   });
 
   it('should reset to a witty phrase when isActive becomes true after being false (and not waiting)', () => {
-    // Ensure there are at least two phrases for this test to be meaningful.
-    if (WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES.length < 2) {
-      return;
-    }
-
     // Mock Math.random to make the test deterministic.
     let callCount = 0;
     vi.spyOn(Math, 'random').mockImplementation(() => {
       // Cycle through 0, 1, 0, 1, ...
       const val = callCount % 2;
       callCount++;
-      return val / WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES.length;
+      return val / MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES.length;
     });
 
     const { result, rerender } = renderHook(
@@ -86,9 +85,9 @@ describe('usePhraseCycler', () => {
     // Activate
     rerender({ isActive: true, isWaiting: false });
     const firstActivePhrase = result.current;
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(firstActivePhrase);
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(firstActivePhrase);
     // With our mock, this should be the first phrase.
-    expect(firstActivePhrase).toBe(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES[0]);
+    expect(firstActivePhrase).toBe(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES[0]);
 
     act(() => {
       vi.advanceTimersByTime(PHRASE_CHANGE_INTERVAL_MS);
@@ -96,18 +95,18 @@ describe('usePhraseCycler', () => {
 
     // Phrase should change to the second phrase.
     expect(result.current).not.toBe(firstActivePhrase);
-    expect(result.current).toBe(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES[1]);
+    expect(result.current).toBe(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES[1]);
 
     // Set to inactive - should reset to the default initial phrase
     rerender({ isActive: false, isWaiting: false });
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
 
     // Set back to active - should pick a random witty phrase (which our mock controls)
     act(() => {
       rerender({ isActive: true, isWaiting: false });
     });
     // The random mock will now return 0, so it should be the first phrase again.
-    expect(result.current).toBe(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES[0]);
+    expect(result.current).toBe(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES[0]);
   });
 
   it('should clear phrase interval on unmount when active', () => {
@@ -148,7 +147,7 @@ describe('usePhraseCycler', () => {
 
     rerender({ isActive: true, isWaiting: false, customPhrases: undefined });
 
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
   });
 
   it('should fall back to witty phrases if custom phrases are an empty array', () => {
@@ -164,7 +163,7 @@ describe('usePhraseCycler', () => {
       },
     );
 
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
   });
 
   it('should reset to a witty phrase when transitioning from waiting to active', () => {
@@ -174,16 +173,13 @@ describe('usePhraseCycler', () => {
     );
 
     const _initialPhrase = result.current;
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(_initialPhrase);
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(_initialPhrase);
 
     // Cycle to a different phrase (potentially)
     act(() => {
       vi.advanceTimersByTime(PHRASE_CHANGE_INTERVAL_MS);
     });
-    if (WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES.length > 1) {
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
-      // This check is probabilistic with random selection
-    }
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
 
     // Go to waiting state
     rerender({ isActive: false, isWaiting: true });
@@ -191,6 +187,6 @@ describe('usePhraseCycler', () => {
 
     // Go back to active cycling - should pick a random witty phrase
     rerender({ isActive: true, isWaiting: false });
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
   });
 });

packages/cli/src/ui/hooks/usePhraseCycler.ts

@@ -5,139 +5,9 @@
  */
 
 import { useState, useEffect, useRef, useMemo } from 'react';
-import { t } from '../../i18n/index.js';
+import { t, ta } from '../../i18n/index.js';
 
-export const WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES = [
+export const WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES: string[] = ["I'm Feeling Lucky"];
-  "I'm Feeling Lucky",
-  'Shipping awesomeness... ',
-  'Painting the serifs back on...',
-  'Navigating the slime mold...',
-  'Consulting the digital spirits...',
-  'Reticulating splines...',
-  'Warming up the AI hamsters...',
-  'Asking the magic conch shell...',
-  'Generating witty retort...',
-  'Polishing the algorithms...',
-  "Don't rush perfection (or my code)...",
-  'Brewing fresh bytes...',
-  'Counting electrons...',
-  'Engaging cognitive processors...',
-  'Checking for syntax errors in the universe...',
-  'One moment, optimizing humor...',
-  'Shuffling punchlines...',
-  'Untangling neural nets...',
-  'Compiling brilliance...',
-  'Loading wit.exe...',
-  'Summoning the cloud of wisdom...',
-  'Preparing a witty response...',
-  "Just a sec, I'm debugging reality...",
-  'Confuzzling the options...',
-  'Tuning the cosmic frequencies...',
-  'Crafting a response worthy of your patience...',
-  'Compiling the 1s and 0s...',
-  'Resolving dependencies... and existential crises...',
-  'Defragmenting memories... both RAM and personal...',
-  'Rebooting the humor module...',
-  'Caching the essentials (mostly cat memes)...',
-  'Optimizing for ludicrous speed',
-  "Swapping bits... don't tell the bytes...",
-  'Garbage collecting... be right back...',
-  'Assembling the interwebs...',
-  'Converting coffee into code...',
-  'Updating the syntax for reality...',
-  'Rewiring the synapses...',
-  'Looking for a misplaced semicolon...',
-  "Greasin' the cogs of the machine...",
-  'Pre-heating the servers...',
-  'Calibrating the flux capacitor...',
-  'Engaging the improbability drive...',
-  'Channeling the Force...',
-  'Aligning the stars for optimal response...',
-  'So say we all...',
-  'Loading the next great idea...',
-  "Just a moment, I'm in the zone...",
-  'Preparing to dazzle you with brilliance...',
-  "Just a tick, I'm polishing my wit...",
-  "Hold tight, I'm crafting a masterpiece...",
-  "Just a jiffy, I'm debugging the universe...",
-  "Just a moment, I'm aligning the pixels...",
-  "Just a sec, I'm optimizing the humor...",
-  "Just a moment, I'm tuning the algorithms...",
-  'Warp speed engaged...',
-  'Mining for more Dilithium crystals...',
-  "Don't panic...",
-  'Following the white rabbit...',
-  'The truth is in here... somewhere...',
-  'Blowing on the cartridge...',
-  'Loading... Do a barrel roll!',
-  'Waiting for the respawn...',
-  'Finishing the Kessel Run in less than 12 parsecs...',
-  "The cake is not a lie, it's just still loading...",
-  'Fiddling with the character creation screen...',
-  "Just a moment, I'm finding the right meme...",
-  "Pressing 'A' to continue...",
-  'Herding digital cats...',
-  'Polishing the pixels...',
-  'Finding a suitable loading screen pun...',
-  'Distracting you with this witty phrase...',
-  'Almost there... probably...',
-  'Our hamsters are working as fast as they can...',
-  'Giving Cloudy a pat on the head...',
-  'Petting the cat...',
-  'Rickrolling my boss...',
-  'Never gonna give you up, never gonna let you down...',
-  'Slapping the bass...',
-  'Tasting the snozberries...',
-  "I'm going the distance, I'm going for speed...",
-  'Is this the real life? Is this just fantasy?...',
-  "I've got a good feeling about this...",
-  'Poking the bear...',
-  'Doing research on the latest memes...',
-  'Figuring out how to make this more witty...',
-  'Hmmm... let me think...',
-  'What do you call a fish with no eyes? A fsh...',
-  'Why did the computer go to therapy? It had too many bytes...',
-  "Why don't programmers like nature? It has too many bugs...",
-  'Why do programmers prefer dark mode? Because light attracts bugs...',
-  'Why did the developer go broke? Because they used up all their cache...',
-  "What can you do with a broken pencil? Nothing, it's pointless...",
-  'Applying percussive maintenance...',
-  'Searching for the correct USB orientation...',
-  'Ensuring the magic smoke stays inside the wires...',
-  'Rewriting in Rust for no particular reason...',
-  'Trying to exit Vim...',
-  'Spinning up the hamster wheel...',
-  "That's not a bug, it's an undocumented feature...",
-  'Engage.',
-  "I'll be back... with an answer.",
-  'My other process is a TARDIS...',
-  'Communing with the machine spirit...',
-  'Letting the thoughts marinate...',
-  'Just remembered where I put my keys...',
-  'Pondering the orb...',
-  "I've seen things you people wouldn't believe... like a user who reads loading messages.",
-  'Initiating thoughtful gaze...',
-  "What's a computer's favorite snack? Microchips.",
-  "Why do Java developers wear glasses? Because they don't C#.",
-  'Charging the laser... pew pew!',
-  'Dividing by zero... just kidding!',
-  'Looking for an adult superviso... I mean, processing.',
-  'Making it go beep boop.',
-  'Buffering... because even AIs need a moment.',
-  'Entangling quantum particles for a faster response...',
-  'Polishing the chrome... on the algorithms.',
-  'Are you not entertained? (Working on it!)',
-  'Summoning the code gremlins... to help, of course.',
-  'Just waiting for the dial-up tone to finish...',
-  'Recalibrating the humor-o-meter.',
-  'My other loading screen is even funnier.',
-  "Pretty sure there's a cat walking on the keyboard somewhere...",
-  'Enhancing... Enhancing... Still loading.',
-  "It's not a bug, it's a feature... of this loading screen.",
-  'Have you tried turning it off and on again? (The loading screen, not me.)',
-  'Constructing additional pylons...',
-  'New line? That’s Ctrl+J.',
-];
 
 export const PHRASE_CHANGE_INTERVAL_MS = 15000;
 
@@ -152,14 +22,16 @@ export const usePhraseCycler = (
   isWaiting: boolean,
   customPhrases?: string[],
 ) => {
-  // Translate all phrases at once if using default phrases
+  // Get phrases from translations if available
-  const loadingPhrases = useMemo(
+  const loadingPhrases = useMemo(() => {
-    () =>
+    if (customPhrases && customPhrases.length > 0) {
-      customPhrases && customPhrases.length > 0
+      return customPhrases;
-        ? customPhrases
+    }
-        : WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES.map((phrase) => t(phrase)),
+    const translatedPhrases = ta('WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES');
-    [customPhrases],
+    return translatedPhrases.length > 0
-  );
+      ? translatedPhrases
+      : WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES;
+  }, [customPhrases]);
 
   const [currentLoadingPhrase, setCurrentLoadingPhrase] = useState(
     loadingPhrases[0],

packages/cli/src/utils/nonInteractiveHelpers.test.ts

@@ -35,22 +35,33 @@ import {
 } from './nonInteractiveHelpers.js';
 
 // Mock dependencies
-vi.mock('../services/CommandService.js', () => ({
+vi.mock('../nonInteractiveCliCommands.js', () => ({
-  CommandService: {
+  getAvailableCommands: vi
-    create: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+    .fn()
-      getCommands: vi
+    .mockImplementation(
-        .fn()
+      async (
-        .mockReturnValue([
+        _config: unknown,
-          { name: 'help' },
+        _signal: AbortSignal,
-          { name: 'commit' },
+        allowedBuiltinCommandNames?: string[],
-          { name: 'memory' },
+      ) => {
-        ]),
+        const allowedSet = new Set(allowedBuiltinCommandNames ?? []);
-    }),
+        const allCommands = [
-  },
+          { name: 'help', kind: 'built-in' },
-}));
+          { name: 'commit', kind: 'file' },
+          { name: 'memory', kind: 'built-in' },
+          { name: 'init', kind: 'built-in' },
+          { name: 'summary', kind: 'built-in' },
+          { name: 'compress', kind: 'built-in' },
+        ];
 
-vi.mock('../services/BuiltinCommandLoader.js', () => ({
+        // Filter commands: always include file commands, only include allowed built-in commands
-  BuiltinCommandLoader: vi.fn().mockImplementation(() => ({})),
+        return allCommands.filter(
+          (cmd) =>
+            cmd.kind === 'file' ||
+            (cmd.kind === 'built-in' && allowedSet.has(cmd.name)),
+        );
+      },
+    ),
 }));
 
 vi.mock('../ui/utils/computeStats.js', () => ({
@@ -511,10 +522,12 @@ describe('buildSystemMessage', () => {
   });
 
   it('should build system message with all fields', async () => {
+    const allowedBuiltinCommands = ['init', 'summary', 'compress'];
     const result = await buildSystemMessage(
       mockConfig,
       'test-session-id',
       'auto' as PermissionMode,
+      allowedBuiltinCommands,
     );
 
     expect(result).toEqual({
@@ -530,7 +543,7 @@ describe('buildSystemMessage', () => {
       ],
       model: 'test-model',
       permission_mode: 'auto',
-      slash_commands: ['commit', 'help', 'memory'],
+      slash_commands: ['commit', 'compress', 'init', 'summary'],
       qwen_code_version: '1.0.0',
       agents: [],
     });
@@ -546,6 +559,7 @@ describe('buildSystemMessage', () => {
       config,
       'test-session-id',
       'auto' as PermissionMode,
+      ['init', 'summary'],
     );
 
     expect(result.tools).toEqual([]);
@@ -561,6 +575,7 @@ describe('buildSystemMessage', () => {
       config,
       'test-session-id',
       'auto' as PermissionMode,
+      ['init', 'summary'],
     );
 
     expect(result.mcp_servers).toEqual([]);
@@ -576,10 +591,37 @@ describe('buildSystemMessage', () => {
       config,
       'test-session-id',
       'auto' as PermissionMode,
+      ['init', 'summary'],
     );
 
     expect(result.qwen_code_version).toBe('unknown');
   });
+
+  it('should only include allowed built-in commands and all file commands', async () => {
+    const allowedBuiltinCommands = ['init', 'summary'];
+    const result = await buildSystemMessage(
+      mockConfig,
+      'test-session-id',
+      'auto' as PermissionMode,
+      allowedBuiltinCommands,
+    );
+
+    // Should include: 'commit' (FILE), 'init' (BUILT_IN, allowed), 'summary' (BUILT_IN, allowed)
+    // Should NOT include: 'help', 'memory', 'compress' (BUILT_IN but not in allowed set)
+    expect(result.slash_commands).toEqual(['commit', 'init', 'summary']);
+  });
+
+  it('should include only file commands when no built-in commands are allowed', async () => {
+    const result = await buildSystemMessage(
+      mockConfig,
+      'test-session-id',
+      'auto' as PermissionMode,
+      [], // Empty array - no built-in commands allowed
+    );
+
+    // Should only include 'commit' (FILE command)
+    expect(result.slash_commands).toEqual(['commit']);
+  });
 });
 
 describe('createTaskToolProgressHandler', () => {

packages/cli/src/utils/nonInteractiveHelpers.ts

@@ -25,10 +25,9 @@ import type {
   PermissionMode,
   CLISystemMessage,
 } from '../nonInteractive/types.js';
-import { CommandService } from '../services/CommandService.js';
-import { BuiltinCommandLoader } from '../services/BuiltinCommandLoader.js';
 import type { JsonOutputAdapterInterface } from '../nonInteractive/io/BaseJsonOutputAdapter.js';
 import { computeSessionStats } from '../ui/utils/computeStats.js';
+import { getAvailableCommands } from '../nonInteractiveCliCommands.js';
 
 /**
  * Normalizes various part list formats into a consistent Part[] array.
@@ -187,24 +186,27 @@ export function computeUsageFromMetrics(metrics: SessionMetrics): Usage {
 }
 
 /**
- * Load slash command names using CommandService
+ * Load slash command names using getAvailableCommands
  *
  * @param config - Config instance
+ * @param allowedBuiltinCommandNames - Optional array of allowed built-in command names.
+ *   If not provided, uses the default from getAvailableCommands.
  * @returns Promise resolving to array of slash command names
  */
-async function loadSlashCommandNames(config: Config): Promise<string[]> {
+async function loadSlashCommandNames(
+  config: Config,
+  allowedBuiltinCommandNames?: string[],
+): Promise<string[]> {
   const controller = new AbortController();
   try {
-    const service = await CommandService.create(
+    const commands = await getAvailableCommands(
-      [new BuiltinCommandLoader(config)],
+      config,
       controller.signal,
+      allowedBuiltinCommandNames,
     );
-    const names = new Set<string>();
+
-    const commands = service.getCommands();
+    // Extract command names and sort
-    for (const command of commands) {
+    return commands.map((cmd) => cmd.name).sort();
-      names.add(command.name);
-    }
-    return Array.from(names).sort();
   } catch (error) {
     if (config.getDebugMode()) {
       console.error(
@@ -233,12 +235,15 @@ async function loadSlashCommandNames(config: Config): Promise<string[]> {
  * @param config - Config instance
  * @param sessionId - Session identifier
  * @param permissionMode - Current permission/approval mode
+ * @param allowedBuiltinCommandNames - Optional array of allowed built-in command names.
+ *   If not provided, defaults to empty array (only file commands will be included).
  * @returns Promise resolving to CLISystemMessage
  */
 export async function buildSystemMessage(
   config: Config,
   sessionId: string,
   permissionMode: PermissionMode,
+  allowedBuiltinCommandNames?: string[],
 ): Promise<CLISystemMessage> {
   const toolRegistry = config.getToolRegistry();
   const tools = toolRegistry ? toolRegistry.getAllToolNames() : [];
@@ -251,8 +256,11 @@ export async function buildSystemMessage(
       }))
     : [];
 
-  // Load slash commands
+  // Load slash commands with filtering based on allowed built-in commands
-  const slashCommands = await loadSlashCommandNames(config);
+  const slashCommands = await loadSlashCommandNames(
+    config,
+    allowedBuiltinCommandNames,
+  );
 
   // Load subagent names from config
   let agentNames: string[] = [];

packages/core/src/core/anthropicContentGenerator/anthropicContentGenerator.test.ts

@@ -25,26 +25,26 @@ vi.mock('../../utils/request-tokenizer/index.js', () => ({
 
 type AnthropicCreateArgs = [unknown, { signal?: AbortSignal }?];
 
-vi.mock('@anthropic-ai/sdk', () => {
+const anthropicMockState: {
-  const state: {
+  constructorOptions?: Record<string, unknown>;
-    constructorOptions?: Record<string, unknown>;
+  lastCreateArgs?: AnthropicCreateArgs;
-    lastCreateArgs?: AnthropicCreateArgs;
+  createImpl: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
-    createImpl: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+} = {
-  } = {
+  constructorOptions: undefined,
-    constructorOptions: undefined,
+  lastCreateArgs: undefined,
-    lastCreateArgs: undefined,
+  createImpl: vi.fn(),
-    createImpl: vi.fn(),
+};
-  };
 
+vi.mock('@anthropic-ai/sdk', () => {
   class AnthropicMock {
     messages: { create: (...args: AnthropicCreateArgs) => unknown };
 
     constructor(options: Record<string, unknown>) {
-      state.constructorOptions = options;
+      anthropicMockState.constructorOptions = options;
       this.messages = {
         create: (...args: AnthropicCreateArgs) => {
-          state.lastCreateArgs = args;
+          anthropicMockState.lastCreateArgs = args;
-          return state.createImpl(...args);
+          return anthropicMockState.createImpl(...args);
         },
       };
     }
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ vi.mock('@anthropic-ai/sdk', () => {
 
   return {
     default: AnthropicMock,
-    __anthropicState: state,
+    __anthropicState: anthropicMockState,
   };
 });
 
@@ -89,9 +89,7 @@ describe('AnthropicContentGenerator', () => {
       },
       processingTime: 1,
     });
-    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+    anthropicState = anthropicMockState;
-    const mod = (await import('@anthropic-ai/sdk')) as any;
-    anthropicState = mod.__anthropicState as typeof anthropicState;
 
     anthropicState.createImpl.mockReset();
     anthropicState.lastCreateArgs = undefined;
@@ -129,6 +127,68 @@ describe('AnthropicContentGenerator', () => {
     );
   });
 
+  it('adds the effort beta header when reasoning.effort is set', async () => {
+    const { AnthropicContentGenerator } = await importGenerator();
+    void new AnthropicContentGenerator(
+      {
+        model: 'claude-test',
+        apiKey: 'test-key',
+        baseUrl: 'https://example.invalid',
+        timeout: 10_000,
+        maxRetries: 2,
+        samplingParams: {},
+        schemaCompliance: 'auto',
+        reasoning: { effort: 'medium' },
+      },
+      mockConfig,
+    );
+
+    const headers = (anthropicState.constructorOptions?.['defaultHeaders'] ||
+      {}) as Record<string, string>;
+    expect(headers['anthropic-beta']).toContain('effort-2025-11-24');
+  });
+
+  it('does not add the effort beta header when reasoning.effort is not set', async () => {
+    const { AnthropicContentGenerator } = await importGenerator();
+    void new AnthropicContentGenerator(
+      {
+        model: 'claude-test',
+        apiKey: 'test-key',
+        baseUrl: 'https://example.invalid',
+        timeout: 10_000,
+        maxRetries: 2,
+        samplingParams: {},
+        schemaCompliance: 'auto',
+      },
+      mockConfig,
+    );
+
+    const headers = (anthropicState.constructorOptions?.['defaultHeaders'] ||
+      {}) as Record<string, string>;
+    expect(headers['anthropic-beta']).not.toContain('effort-2025-11-24');
+  });
+
+  it('omits the anthropic beta header when reasoning is disabled', async () => {
+    const { AnthropicContentGenerator } = await importGenerator();
+    void new AnthropicContentGenerator(
+      {
+        model: 'claude-test',
+        apiKey: 'test-key',
+        baseUrl: 'https://example.invalid',
+        timeout: 10_000,
+        maxRetries: 2,
+        samplingParams: {},
+        schemaCompliance: 'auto',
+        reasoning: false,
+      },
+      mockConfig,
+    );
+
+    const headers = (anthropicState.constructorOptions?.['defaultHeaders'] ||
+      {}) as Record<string, string>;
+    expect(headers['anthropic-beta']).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
   describe('generateContent', () => {
     it('builds request with config sampling params (config overrides request) and thinking budget', async () => {
       const { AnthropicContentConverter } = await importConverter();
@@ -167,7 +227,7 @@ describe('AnthropicContentGenerator', () => {
             top_k: 20,
           },
           schemaCompliance: 'auto',
-          reasoning: { effort: 'high' },
+          reasoning: { effort: 'high', budget_tokens: 1000 },
         },
         mockConfig,
       );
@@ -202,6 +262,7 @@ describe('AnthropicContentGenerator', () => {
           top_p: 0.9,
           top_k: 20,
           thinking: { type: 'enabled', budget_tokens: 1000 },
+          output_config: { effort: 'high' },
         }),
       );
 

packages/core/src/core/anthropicContentGenerator/anthropicContentGenerator.ts

@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ type StreamingBlockState = {
 
 type MessageCreateParamsWithThinking = MessageCreateParamsNonStreaming & {
   thinking?: { type: 'enabled'; budget_tokens: number };
+  // Anthropic beta feature: output_config.effort (requires beta header effort-2025-11-24)
+  // This is not yet represented in the official SDK types we depend on.
+  output_config?: { effort: 'low' | 'medium' | 'high' };
 };
 
 export class AnthropicContentGenerator implements ContentGenerator {
@@ -135,13 +138,32 @@ export class AnthropicContentGenerator implements ContentGenerator {
     return false;
   }
 
-  private buildHeaders(): Record<string, string | undefined> {
+  private buildHeaders(): Record<string, string> {
     const version = this.cliConfig.getCliVersion() || 'unknown';
     const userAgent = `QwenCode/${version} (${process.platform}; ${process.arch})`;
-    return {
+
+    const betas: string[] = [];
+    const reasoning = this.contentGeneratorConfig.reasoning;
+
+    // Interleaved thinking is used when we send the `thinking` field.
+    if (reasoning !== false) {
+      betas.push('interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14');
+    }
+
+    // Effort (beta) is enabled when reasoning.effort is set.
+    if (reasoning !== false && reasoning?.effort !== undefined) {
+      betas.push('effort-2025-11-24');
+    }
+
+    const headers: Record<string, string> = {
       'User-Agent': userAgent,
-      'anthropic-beta': 'interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14',
     };
+
+    if (betas.length) {
+      headers['anthropic-beta'] = betas.join(',');
+    }
+
+    return headers;
   }
 
   private async buildRequest(
@@ -155,7 +177,8 @@ export class AnthropicContentGenerator implements ContentGenerator {
       : undefined;
 
     const sampling = this.buildSamplingParameters(request);
-    const thinking = this.buildThinkingConfig(request, sampling.max_tokens);
+    const thinking = this.buildThinkingConfig(request);
+    const outputConfig = this.buildOutputConfig();
 
     return {
       model: this.contentGeneratorConfig.model,
@@ -164,6 +187,7 @@ export class AnthropicContentGenerator implements ContentGenerator {
       tools,
       ...sampling,
       ...(thinking ? { thinking } : {}),
+      ...(outputConfig ? { output_config: outputConfig } : {}),
     };
   }
 
@@ -187,7 +211,8 @@ export class AnthropicContentGenerator implements ContentGenerator {
       return configValue !== undefined ? configValue : requestValue;
     };
 
-    const maxTokens = getParam<number>('max_tokens', 'maxOutputTokens') ?? 8192;
+    const maxTokens =
+      getParam<number>('max_tokens', 'maxOutputTokens') ?? 10_000;
 
     return {
       max_tokens: maxTokens,
@@ -199,7 +224,6 @@ export class AnthropicContentGenerator implements ContentGenerator {
 
   private buildThinkingConfig(
     request: GenerateContentParameters,
-    maxTokens: number,
   ): { type: 'enabled'; budget_tokens: number } | undefined {
     if (request.config?.thinkingConfig?.includeThoughts === false) {
       return undefined;
@@ -219,9 +243,9 @@ export class AnthropicContentGenerator implements ContentGenerator {
     }
 
     const effort = reasoning?.effort;
-    const baseBudget =
+    // When using interleaved thinking with tools, this budget token limit is the entire context window(200k tokens).
-      effort === 'low' ? 1024 : effort === 'high' ? 4096 : 2048;
+    const budgetTokens =
-    const budgetTokens = Math.min(baseBudget, Math.max(1, maxTokens));
+      effort === 'low' ? 16_000 : effort === 'high' ? 64_000 : 32_000;
 
     return {
       type: 'enabled',
@@ -229,6 +253,21 @@ export class AnthropicContentGenerator implements ContentGenerator {
     };
   }
 
+  private buildOutputConfig():
+    | { effort: 'low' | 'medium' | 'high' }
+    | undefined {
+    const reasoning = this.contentGeneratorConfig.reasoning;
+    if (reasoning === false || reasoning === undefined) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    if (reasoning.effort === undefined) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    return { effort: reasoning.effort };
+  }
+
   private async *processStream(
     stream: AsyncIterable<RawMessageStreamEvent>,
   ): AsyncGenerator<GenerateContentResponse> {

packages/core/src/core/openaiContentGenerator/converter.test.ts

@@ -542,4 +542,206 @@ describe('OpenAIContentConverter', () => {
       expect(original).toEqual(originalCopy);
     });
   });
+
+  describe('mergeConsecutiveAssistantMessages', () => {
+    it('should merge two consecutive assistant messages with string content', () => {
+      const request: GenerateContentParameters = {
+        model: 'models/test',
+        contents: [
+          {
+            role: 'model',
+            parts: [{ text: 'First part' }],
+          },
+          {
+            role: 'model',
+            parts: [{ text: 'Second part' }],
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      const messages = converter.convertGeminiRequestToOpenAI(request);
+
+      expect(messages).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(messages[0].role).toBe('assistant');
+      const content = messages[0]
+        .content as OpenAI.Chat.ChatCompletionContentPart[];
+      expect(content).toHaveLength(2);
+      expect(content[0]).toEqual({ type: 'text', text: 'First part' });
+      expect(content[1]).toEqual({ type: 'text', text: 'Second part' });
+    });
+
+    it('should merge multiple consecutive assistant messages', () => {
+      const request: GenerateContentParameters = {
+        model: 'models/test',
+        contents: [
+          {
+            role: 'model',
+            parts: [{ text: 'Part 1' }],
+          },
+          {
+            role: 'model',
+            parts: [{ text: 'Part 2' }],
+          },
+          {
+            role: 'model',
+            parts: [{ text: 'Part 3' }],
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      const messages = converter.convertGeminiRequestToOpenAI(request);
+
+      expect(messages).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(messages[0].role).toBe('assistant');
+      const content = messages[0]
+        .content as OpenAI.Chat.ChatCompletionContentPart[];
+      expect(content).toHaveLength(3);
+    });
+
+    it('should merge tool_calls from consecutive assistant messages', () => {
+      const request: GenerateContentParameters = {
+        model: 'models/test',
+        contents: [
+          {
+            role: 'model',
+            parts: [
+              {
+                functionCall: {
+                  id: 'call_1',
+                  name: 'tool_1',
+                  args: {},
+                },
+              },
+            ],
+          },
+          {
+            role: 'user',
+            parts: [
+              {
+                functionResponse: {
+                  id: 'call_1',
+                  name: 'tool_1',
+                  response: { output: 'result_1' },
+                },
+              },
+            ],
+          },
+          {
+            role: 'model',
+            parts: [
+              {
+                functionCall: {
+                  id: 'call_2',
+                  name: 'tool_2',
+                  args: {},
+                },
+              },
+            ],
+          },
+          {
+            role: 'user',
+            parts: [
+              {
+                functionResponse: {
+                  id: 'call_2',
+                  name: 'tool_2',
+                  response: { output: 'result_2' },
+                },
+              },
+            ],
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      const messages = converter.convertGeminiRequestToOpenAI(request);
+
+      // Should have: assistant (tool_call_1), tool (result_1), assistant (tool_call_2), tool (result_2)
+      expect(messages).toHaveLength(4);
+      expect(messages[0].role).toBe('assistant');
+      expect(messages[1].role).toBe('tool');
+      expect(messages[2].role).toBe('assistant');
+      expect(messages[3].role).toBe('tool');
+    });
+
+    it('should not merge assistant messages separated by user messages', () => {
+      const request: GenerateContentParameters = {
+        model: 'models/test',
+        contents: [
+          {
+            role: 'model',
+            parts: [{ text: 'First assistant' }],
+          },
+          {
+            role: 'user',
+            parts: [{ text: 'User message' }],
+          },
+          {
+            role: 'model',
+            parts: [{ text: 'Second assistant' }],
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      const messages = converter.convertGeminiRequestToOpenAI(request);
+
+      expect(messages).toHaveLength(3);
+      expect(messages[0].role).toBe('assistant');
+      expect(messages[1].role).toBe('user');
+      expect(messages[2].role).toBe('assistant');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle merging when one message has array content and another has string', () => {
+      const request: GenerateContentParameters = {
+        model: 'models/test',
+        contents: [
+          {
+            role: 'model',
+            parts: [{ text: 'Text part' }],
+          },
+          {
+            role: 'model',
+            parts: [{ text: 'Another text' }],
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      const messages = converter.convertGeminiRequestToOpenAI(request);
+
+      expect(messages).toHaveLength(1);
+      const content = messages[0]
+        .content as OpenAI.Chat.ChatCompletionContentPart[];
+      expect(Array.isArray(content)).toBe(true);
+      expect(content).toHaveLength(2);
+    });
+
+    it('should merge empty content correctly', () => {
+      const request: GenerateContentParameters = {
+        model: 'models/test',
+        contents: [
+          {
+            role: 'model',
+            parts: [{ text: 'First' }],
+          },
+          {
+            role: 'model',
+            parts: [],
+          },
+          {
+            role: 'model',
+            parts: [{ text: 'Second' }],
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      const messages = converter.convertGeminiRequestToOpenAI(request);
+
+      // Empty messages should be filtered out
+      expect(messages).toHaveLength(1);
+      const content = messages[0]
+        .content as OpenAI.Chat.ChatCompletionContentPart[];
+      expect(content).toHaveLength(2);
+      expect(content[0]).toEqual({ type: 'text', text: 'First' });
+      expect(content[1]).toEqual({ type: 'text', text: 'Second' });
+    });
+  });
 });

packages/core/src/core/openaiContentGenerator/converter.ts

@@ -1120,12 +1120,44 @@ export class OpenAIContentConverter {
         // If the last message is also an assistant message, merge them
         if (lastMessage.role === 'assistant') {
           // Combine content
-          const combinedContent = [
+          const lastContent = lastMessage.content;
-            typeof lastMessage.content === 'string' ? lastMessage.content : '',
+          const currentContent = message.content;
-            typeof message.content === 'string' ? message.content : '',
+
-          ]
+          // Determine if we should use array format (if either content is an array)
-            .filter(Boolean)
+          const useArrayFormat =
-            .join('');
+            Array.isArray(lastContent) || Array.isArray(currentContent);
+
+          let combinedContent:
+            | string
+            | OpenAI.Chat.ChatCompletionContentPart[]
+            | null;
+
+          if (useArrayFormat) {
+            // Convert both to array format and merge
+            const lastParts = Array.isArray(lastContent)
+              ? lastContent
+              : typeof lastContent === 'string' && lastContent
+                ? [{ type: 'text' as const, text: lastContent }]
+                : [];
+
+            const currentParts = Array.isArray(currentContent)
+              ? currentContent
+              : typeof currentContent === 'string' && currentContent
+                ? [{ type: 'text' as const, text: currentContent }]
+                : [];
+
+            combinedContent = [
+              ...lastParts,
+              ...currentParts,
+            ] as OpenAI.Chat.ChatCompletionContentPart[];
+          } else {
+            // Both are strings or null, merge as strings
+            const lastText = typeof lastContent === 'string' ? lastContent : '';
+            const currentText =
+              typeof currentContent === 'string' ? currentContent : '';
+            const mergedText = [lastText, currentText].filter(Boolean).join('');
+            combinedContent = mergedText || null;
+          }
 
           // Combine tool calls
           const lastToolCalls =
@@ -1137,14 +1169,17 @@ export class OpenAIContentConverter {
           // Update the last message with combined data
           (
             lastMessage as OpenAI.Chat.ChatCompletionMessageParam & {
-              content: string | null;
+              content: string | OpenAI.Chat.ChatCompletionContentPart[] | null;
               tool_calls?: OpenAI.Chat.ChatCompletionMessageToolCall[];
             }
           ).content = combinedContent || null;
           if (combinedToolCalls.length > 0) {
             (
               lastMessage as OpenAI.Chat.ChatCompletionMessageParam & {
-                content: string | null;
+                content:
+                  | string
+                  | OpenAI.Chat.ChatCompletionContentPart[]
+                  | null;
                 tool_calls?: OpenAI.Chat.ChatCompletionMessageToolCall[];
               }
             ).tool_calls = combinedToolCalls;

packages/core/src/core/openaiContentGenerator/provider/dashscope.ts

@@ -145,9 +145,7 @@ export class DashScopeOpenAICompatibleProvider
 
   getDefaultGenerationConfig(): GenerateContentConfig {
     return {
-      temperature: 0.7,
+      temperature: 0.3,
-      topP: 0.8,
-      topK: 20,
     };
   }
 

packages/core/src/tools/shell.test.ts

@@ -169,6 +169,44 @@ describe('ShellTool', () => {
       });
       expect(invocation.getDescription()).not.toContain('[background]');
     });
+
+    describe('is_background parameter coercion', () => {
+      it('should accept string "true" as boolean true', () => {
+        const invocation = shellTool.build({
+          command: 'npm run dev',
+          is_background: 'true' as unknown as boolean,
+        });
+        expect(invocation).toBeDefined();
+        expect(invocation.getDescription()).toContain('[background]');
+      });
+
+      it('should accept string "false" as boolean false', () => {
+        const invocation = shellTool.build({
+          command: 'npm run build',
+          is_background: 'false' as unknown as boolean,
+        });
+        expect(invocation).toBeDefined();
+        expect(invocation.getDescription()).not.toContain('[background]');
+      });
+
+      it('should accept string "True" as boolean true', () => {
+        const invocation = shellTool.build({
+          command: 'npm run dev',
+          is_background: 'True' as unknown as boolean,
+        });
+        expect(invocation).toBeDefined();
+        expect(invocation.getDescription()).toContain('[background]');
+      });
+
+      it('should accept string "False" as boolean false', () => {
+        const invocation = shellTool.build({
+          command: 'npm run build',
+          is_background: 'False' as unknown as boolean,
+        });
+        expect(invocation).toBeDefined();
+        expect(invocation.getDescription()).not.toContain('[background]');
+      });
+    });
   });
 
   describe('execute', () => {

packages/core/src/utils/schemaValidator.test.ts

@@ -122,4 +122,91 @@ describe('SchemaValidator', () => {
     };
     expect(SchemaValidator.validate(schema, params)).not.toBeNull();
   });
+
+  describe('boolean string coercion', () => {
+    const booleanSchema = {
+      type: 'object',
+      properties: {
+        is_background: {
+          type: 'boolean',
+        },
+      },
+      required: ['is_background'],
+    };
+
+    it('should coerce string "true" to boolean true', () => {
+      const params = { is_background: 'true' };
+      expect(SchemaValidator.validate(booleanSchema, params)).toBeNull();
+      expect(params.is_background).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should coerce string "True" to boolean true', () => {
+      const params = { is_background: 'True' };
+      expect(SchemaValidator.validate(booleanSchema, params)).toBeNull();
+      expect(params.is_background).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should coerce string "TRUE" to boolean true', () => {
+      const params = { is_background: 'TRUE' };
+      expect(SchemaValidator.validate(booleanSchema, params)).toBeNull();
+      expect(params.is_background).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should coerce string "false" to boolean false', () => {
+      const params = { is_background: 'false' };
+      expect(SchemaValidator.validate(booleanSchema, params)).toBeNull();
+      expect(params.is_background).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should coerce string "False" to boolean false', () => {
+      const params = { is_background: 'False' };
+      expect(SchemaValidator.validate(booleanSchema, params)).toBeNull();
+      expect(params.is_background).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should coerce string "FALSE" to boolean false', () => {
+      const params = { is_background: 'FALSE' };
+      expect(SchemaValidator.validate(booleanSchema, params)).toBeNull();
+      expect(params.is_background).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle nested objects with string booleans', () => {
+      const nestedSchema = {
+        type: 'object',
+        properties: {
+          options: {
+            type: 'object',
+            properties: {
+              enabled: { type: 'boolean' },
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      };
+      const params = { options: { enabled: 'true' } };
+      expect(SchemaValidator.validate(nestedSchema, params)).toBeNull();
+      expect((params.options as unknown as { enabled: boolean }).enabled).toBe(
+        true,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should not affect non-boolean strings', () => {
+      const mixedSchema = {
+        type: 'object',
+        properties: {
+          name: { type: 'string' },
+          is_active: { type: 'boolean' },
+        },
+      };
+      const params = { name: 'trueman', is_active: 'true' };
+      expect(SchemaValidator.validate(mixedSchema, params)).toBeNull();
+      expect(params.name).toBe('trueman');
+      expect(params.is_active).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should pass through actual boolean values unchanged', () => {
+      const params = { is_background: true };
+      expect(SchemaValidator.validate(booleanSchema, params)).toBeNull();
+      expect(params.is_background).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
 });

packages/core/src/utils/schemaValidator.ts

@@ -41,14 +41,12 @@ export class SchemaValidator {
       return 'Value of params must be an object';
     }
     const validate = ajValidator.compile(schema);
-    const valid = validate(data);
+    let valid = validate(data);
     if (!valid && validate.errors) {
-      // Find any True or False values and lowercase them
+      // Coerce string boolean values ("true"/"false") to actual booleans
-      fixBooleanCasing(data as Record<string, unknown>);
+      fixBooleanValues(data as Record<string, unknown>);
-
-      const validate = ajValidator.compile(schema);
-      const valid = validate(data);
 
+      valid = validate(data);
       if (!valid && validate.errors) {
         return ajValidator.errorsText(validate.errors, { dataVar: 'params' });
       }
@@ -57,13 +55,29 @@ export class SchemaValidator {
   }
 }
 
-function fixBooleanCasing(data: Record<string, unknown>) {
+/**
+ * Coerces string boolean values to actual booleans.
+ * This handles cases where LLMs return "true"/"false" strings instead of boolean values,
+ * which is common with self-hosted LLMs.
+ *
+ * Converts:
+ * - "true", "True", "TRUE" -> true
+ * - "false", "False", "FALSE" -> false
+ */
+function fixBooleanValues(data: Record<string, unknown>) {
   for (const key of Object.keys(data)) {
     if (!(key in data)) continue;
+    const value = data[key];
 
-    if (typeof data[key] === 'object') {
+    if (typeof value === 'object' && value !== null) {
-      fixBooleanCasing(data[key] as Record<string, unknown>);
+      fixBooleanValues(value as Record<string, unknown>);
-    } else if (data[key] === 'True') data[key] = 'true';
+    } else if (typeof value === 'string') {
-    else if (data[key] === 'False') data[key] = 'false';
+      const lower = value.toLowerCase();
+      if (lower === 'true') {
+        data[key] = true;
+      } else if (lower === 'false') {
+        data[key] = false;
+      }
+    }
   }
 }

packages/sdk-typescript/src/query/Query.ts

@@ -272,8 +272,6 @@ export class Query implements AsyncIterable<SDKMessage> {
       // Get only successfully connected SDK servers for CLI
       const sdkMcpServersForCli = this.getSdkMcpServersForCli();
       const mcpServersForCli = this.getMcpServersForCli();
-      logger.debug('SDK MCP servers for CLI:', sdkMcpServersForCli);
-      logger.debug('External MCP servers for CLI:', mcpServersForCli);
 
       await this.sendControlRequest(ControlRequestType.INITIALIZE, {
         hooks: null,
@@ -629,6 +627,11 @@ export class Query implements AsyncIterable<SDKMessage> {
       return Promise.reject(new Error('Query is closed'));
     }
 
+    if (subtype !== ControlRequestType.INITIALIZE) {
+      // Ensure all other control requests get processed after initialization
+      await this.initialized;
+    }
+
     const requestId = randomUUID();
 
     const request: CLIControlRequest = {

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/extension.test.ts

@@ -50,6 +50,9 @@ vi.mock('vscode', () => ({
     registerTextDocumentContentProvider: vi.fn(),
     onDidChangeWorkspaceFolders: vi.fn(),
     onDidGrantWorkspaceTrust: vi.fn(),
+    registerFileSystemProvider: vi.fn(() => ({
+      dispose: vi.fn(),
+    })),
   },
   commands: {
     registerCommand: vi.fn(),

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/extension.ts

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import {
 } from '@qwen-code/qwen-code-core/src/ide/detect-ide.js';
 import { WebViewProvider } from './webview/WebViewProvider.js';
 import { registerNewCommands } from './commands/index.js';
+import { ReadonlyFileSystemProvider } from './services/readonlyFileSystemProvider.js';
 
 const CLI_IDE_COMPANION_IDENTIFIER = 'qwenlm.qwen-code-vscode-ide-companion';
 const INFO_MESSAGE_SHOWN_KEY = 'qwenCodeInfoMessageShown';
@@ -110,6 +111,19 @@ export async function activate(context: vscode.ExtensionContext) {
 
   checkForUpdates(context, log);
 
+  // Create and register readonly file system provider
+  // The provider registers itself as a singleton in the constructor
+  const readonlyProvider = new ReadonlyFileSystemProvider();
+  context.subscriptions.push(
+    vscode.workspace.registerFileSystemProvider(
+      ReadonlyFileSystemProvider.getScheme(),
+      readonlyProvider,
+      { isCaseSensitive: true, isReadonly: true },
+    ),
+    readonlyProvider,
+  );
+  log('Readonly file system provider registered');
+
   const diffContentProvider = new DiffContentProvider();
   const diffManager = new DiffManager(
     log,

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/ide-server.test.ts

@@ -38,6 +38,10 @@ vi.mock('node:os', async (importOriginal) => {
   };
 });
 
+vi.mock('@qwen-code/qwen-code-core/src/ide/detect-ide.js', () => ({
+  detectIdeFromEnv: vi.fn(() => ({ name: 'vscode', displayName: 'VS Code' })),
+}));
+
 const vscodeMock = vi.hoisted(() => ({
   workspace: {
     workspaceFolders: [
@@ -58,6 +62,13 @@ const vscodeMock = vi.hoisted(() => ({
 
 vi.mock('vscode', () => vscodeMock);
 
+vi.mock('@qwen-code/qwen-code-core/src/ide/detect-ide.js', () => ({
+  detectIdeFromEnv: vi.fn(() => ({
+    name: 'vscode',
+    displayName: 'VS Code',
+  })),
+}));
+
 vi.mock('./open-files-manager', () => {
   const OpenFilesManager = vi.fn();
   OpenFilesManager.prototype.onDidChange = vi.fn(() => ({ dispose: vi.fn() }));

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/services/acpConnection.ts

@@ -146,6 +146,8 @@ export class AcpConnection {
       console.error(
         `[ACP qwen] Process exited with code: ${code}, signal: ${signal}`,
       );
+      // Clear pending requests when process exits
+      this.pendingRequests.clear();
     });
 
     // Wait for process to start

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/services/qwenAgentManager.ts

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import type {
   AcpSessionUpdate,
   AcpPermissionRequest,
   AuthenticateUpdateNotification,
+  ModelInfo,
 } from '../types/acpTypes.js';
 import type { ApprovalModeValue } from '../types/approvalModeValueTypes.js';
 import { QwenSessionReader, type QwenSession } from './qwenSessionReader.js';
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ import type {
   PlanEntry,
   ToolCallUpdateData,
   QwenAgentCallbacks,
+  UsageStatsPayload,
 } from '../types/chatTypes.js';
 import {
   QwenConnectionHandler,
@@ -24,6 +26,7 @@ import {
 } from '../services/qwenConnectionHandler.js';
 import { QwenSessionUpdateHandler } from './qwenSessionUpdateHandler.js';
 import { authMethod } from '../types/acpTypes.js';
+import { extractModelInfoFromNewSessionResult } from '../utils/acpModelInfo.js';
 import { isAuthenticationRequiredError } from '../utils/authErrors.js';
 import { handleAuthenticateUpdate } from '../utils/authNotificationHandler.js';
 
@@ -195,12 +198,16 @@ export class QwenAgentManager {
     options?: AgentConnectOptions,
   ): Promise<QwenConnectionResult> {
     this.currentWorkingDir = workingDir;
-    return this.connectionHandler.connect(
+    const res = await this.connectionHandler.connect(
       this.connection,
       workingDir,
       cliEntryPath,
       options,
     );
+    if (res.modelInfo && this.callbacks.onModelInfo) {
+      this.callbacks.onModelInfo(res.modelInfo);
+    }
+    return res;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -1091,9 +1098,10 @@ export class QwenAgentManager {
 
     this.sessionCreateInFlight = (async () => {
       try {
+        let newSessionResult: unknown;
         // Try to create a new ACP session. If Qwen asks for auth, let it handle authentication.
         try {
-          await this.connection.newSession(workingDir);
+          newSessionResult = await this.connection.newSession(workingDir);
         } catch (err) {
           const requiresAuth = isAuthenticationRequiredError(err);
 
@@ -1115,7 +1123,7 @@ export class QwenAgentManager {
               );
               // Add a slight delay to ensure auth state is settled
               await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 300));
-              await this.connection.newSession(workingDir);
+              newSessionResult = await this.connection.newSession(workingDir);
             } catch (reauthErr) {
               console.error(
                 '[QwenAgentManager] Re-authentication failed:',
@@ -1127,6 +1135,13 @@ export class QwenAgentManager {
             throw err;
           }
         }
+
+        const modelInfo =
+          extractModelInfoFromNewSessionResult(newSessionResult);
+        if (modelInfo && this.callbacks.onModelInfo) {
+          this.callbacks.onModelInfo(modelInfo);
+        }
+
         const newSessionId = this.connection.currentSessionId;
         console.log(
           '[QwenAgentManager] New session created with ID:',
@@ -1257,6 +1272,22 @@ export class QwenAgentManager {
     this.sessionUpdateHandler.updateCallbacks(this.callbacks);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Register callback for usage metadata updates
+   */
+  onUsageUpdate(callback: (stats: UsageStatsPayload) => void): void {
+    this.callbacks.onUsageUpdate = callback;
+    this.sessionUpdateHandler.updateCallbacks(this.callbacks);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Register callback for model info updates
+   */
+  onModelInfo(callback: (info: ModelInfo) => void): void {
+    this.callbacks.onModelInfo = callback;
+    this.sessionUpdateHandler.updateCallbacks(this.callbacks);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Disconnect
    */

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/services/qwenConnectionHandler.ts

@@ -13,10 +13,13 @@
 import type { AcpConnection } from './acpConnection.js';
 import { isAuthenticationRequiredError } from '../utils/authErrors.js';
 import { authMethod } from '../types/acpTypes.js';
+import { extractModelInfoFromNewSessionResult } from '../utils/acpModelInfo.js';
+import type { ModelInfo } from '../types/acpTypes.js';
 
 export interface QwenConnectionResult {
   sessionCreated: boolean;
   requiresAuth: boolean;
+  modelInfo?: ModelInfo;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -44,6 +47,7 @@ export class QwenConnectionHandler {
     const autoAuthenticate = options?.autoAuthenticate ?? true;
     let sessionCreated = false;
     let requiresAuth = false;
+    let modelInfo: ModelInfo | undefined;
 
     // Build extra CLI arguments (only essential parameters)
     const extraArgs: string[] = [];
@@ -66,13 +70,15 @@ export class QwenConnectionHandler {
         console.log(
           '[QwenAgentManager] Creating new session (letting CLI handle authentication)...',
         );
-        await this.newSessionWithRetry(
+        const newSessionResult = await this.newSessionWithRetry(
           connection,
           workingDir,
           3,
           authMethod,
           autoAuthenticate,
         );
+        modelInfo =
+          extractModelInfoFromNewSessionResult(newSessionResult) || undefined;
         console.log('[QwenAgentManager] New session created successfully');
         sessionCreated = true;
       } catch (sessionError) {
@@ -99,7 +105,7 @@ export class QwenConnectionHandler {
     console.log(`\n========================================`);
     console.log(`[QwenAgentManager] ✅ CONNECT() COMPLETED SUCCESSFULLY`);
     console.log(`========================================\n`);
-    return { sessionCreated, requiresAuth };
+    return { sessionCreated, requiresAuth, modelInfo };
   }
 
   /**
@@ -115,15 +121,15 @@ export class QwenConnectionHandler {
     maxRetries: number,
     authMethod: string,
     autoAuthenticate: boolean,
-  ): Promise<void> {
+  ): Promise<unknown> {
     for (let attempt = 1; attempt <= maxRetries; attempt++) {
       try {
         console.log(
           `[QwenAgentManager] Creating session (attempt ${attempt}/${maxRetries})...`,
         );
-        await connection.newSession(workingDir);
+        const res = await connection.newSession(workingDir);
         console.log('[QwenAgentManager] Session created successfully');
-        return;
+        return res;
       } catch (error) {
         const errorMessage =
           error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
@@ -155,11 +161,11 @@ export class QwenConnectionHandler {
               '[QwenAgentManager] newSessionWithRetry Authentication successful',
             );
             // Retry immediately after successful auth
-            await connection.newSession(workingDir);
+            const res = await connection.newSession(workingDir);
             console.log(
               '[QwenAgentManager] Session created successfully after auth',
             );
-            return;
+            return res;
           } catch (authErr) {
             console.error(
               '[QwenAgentManager] Re-authentication failed:',
@@ -180,5 +186,7 @@ export class QwenConnectionHandler {
         await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, delay));
       }
     }
+
+    throw new Error('Session creation failed unexpectedly');
   }
 }

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/services/qwenSessionUpdateHandler.ts

@@ -10,9 +10,12 @@
  * Handles session updates from ACP and dispatches them to appropriate callbacks
  */
 
-import type { AcpSessionUpdate } from '../types/acpTypes.js';
+import type { AcpSessionUpdate, SessionUpdateMeta } from '../types/acpTypes.js';
 import type { ApprovalModeValue } from '../types/approvalModeValueTypes.js';
-import type { QwenAgentCallbacks } from '../types/chatTypes.js';
+import type {
+  QwenAgentCallbacks,
+  UsageStatsPayload,
+} from '../types/chatTypes.js';
 
 /**
  * Qwen Session Update Handler class
@@ -57,6 +60,7 @@ export class QwenSessionUpdateHandler {
         if (update.content?.text && this.callbacks.onStreamChunk) {
           this.callbacks.onStreamChunk(update.content.text);
         }
+        this.emitUsageMeta(update._meta);
         break;
 
       case 'agent_thought_chunk':
@@ -71,6 +75,7 @@ export class QwenSessionUpdateHandler {
             this.callbacks.onStreamChunk(update.content.text);
           }
         }
+        this.emitUsageMeta(update._meta);
         break;
 
       case 'tool_call': {
@@ -160,4 +165,17 @@ export class QwenSessionUpdateHandler {
         break;
     }
   }
+
+  private emitUsageMeta(meta?: SessionUpdateMeta): void {
+    if (!meta || !this.callbacks.onUsageUpdate) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const payload: UsageStatsPayload = {
+      usage: meta.usage || undefined,
+      durationMs: meta.durationMs ?? undefined,
+    };
+
+    this.callbacks.onUsageUpdate(payload);
+  }
 }

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/services/readonlyFileSystemProvider.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2025 Qwen Team
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import * as vscode from 'vscode';
+
+/**
+ * Readonly file system provider for temporary files
+ * Uses custom URI scheme to create readonly documents in VS Code
+ */
+export class ReadonlyFileSystemProvider
+  implements vscode.FileSystemProvider, vscode.Disposable
+{
+  private static readonly scheme = 'qwen-readonly';
+  private static instance: ReadonlyFileSystemProvider | null = null;
+
+  private readonly files = new Map<string, Uint8Array>();
+  private readonly emitter = new vscode.EventEmitter<
+    vscode.FileChangeEvent[]
+  >();
+  private readonly disposables: vscode.Disposable[] = [];
+
+  readonly onDidChangeFile = this.emitter.event;
+
+  constructor() {
+    // Ensure only one instance exists
+    if (ReadonlyFileSystemProvider.instance !== null) {
+      console.warn(
+        '[ReadonlyFileSystemProvider] Instance already exists, replacing with new instance',
+      );
+    }
+    this.disposables.push(this.emitter);
+    // Register as global singleton
+    ReadonlyFileSystemProvider.instance = this;
+  }
+
+  static getScheme(): string {
+    return ReadonlyFileSystemProvider.scheme;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the global singleton instance
+   * Returns null if not initialized yet
+   */
+  static getInstance(): ReadonlyFileSystemProvider | null {
+    return ReadonlyFileSystemProvider.instance;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a URI for a readonly temporary file (static version)
+   */
+  static createUri(fileName: string, content: string): vscode.Uri {
+    // For tool-call related filenames, keep the URI stable so repeated clicks focus the same document.
+    // Note: toolCallId can include underscores (e.g. "call_..."), so match everything after the prefix.
+    const isToolCallFile =
+      /^(bash-input|bash-output|execute-input|execute-output)-.+$/.test(
+        fileName,
+      );
+
+    if (isToolCallFile) {
+      return vscode.Uri.from({
+        scheme: ReadonlyFileSystemProvider.scheme,
+        path: `/${fileName}`,
+      });
+    }
+
+    // For other cases, keep the original approach with timestamp to avoid collisions.
+    const timestamp = Date.now();
+    const hash = Buffer.from(content.substring(0, 100)).toString('base64url');
+    const uniqueId = `${timestamp}-${hash.substring(0, 8)}`;
+    return vscode.Uri.from({
+      scheme: ReadonlyFileSystemProvider.scheme,
+      path: `/${fileName}-${uniqueId}`,
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a URI for a readonly temporary file (instance method)
+   */
+  createUri(fileName: string, content: string): vscode.Uri {
+    return ReadonlyFileSystemProvider.createUri(fileName, content);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set content for a URI
+   */
+  setContent(uri: vscode.Uri, content: string): void {
+    const buffer = Buffer.from(content, 'utf8');
+    const key = uri.toString();
+    const existed = this.files.has(key);
+    this.files.set(key, buffer);
+    this.emitter.fire([
+      {
+        type: existed
+          ? vscode.FileChangeType.Changed
+          : vscode.FileChangeType.Created,
+        uri,
+      },
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get content for a URI
+   */
+  getContent(uri: vscode.Uri): string | undefined {
+    const buffer = this.files.get(uri.toString());
+    return buffer ? Buffer.from(buffer).toString('utf8') : undefined;
+  }
+
+  // FileSystemProvider implementation
+
+  watch(): vscode.Disposable {
+    // No watching needed for readonly files
+    return new vscode.Disposable(() => {});
+  }
+
+  stat(uri: vscode.Uri): vscode.FileStat {
+    const buffer = this.files.get(uri.toString());
+    if (!buffer) {
+      throw vscode.FileSystemError.FileNotFound(uri);
+    }
+
+    return {
+      type: vscode.FileType.File,
+      ctime: Date.now(),
+      mtime: Date.now(),
+      size: buffer.byteLength,
+    };
+  }
+
+  readDirectory(): Array<[string, vscode.FileType]> {
+    // Not needed for our use case
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  createDirectory(): void {
+    throw vscode.FileSystemError.NoPermissions('Readonly file system');
+  }
+
+  readFile(uri: vscode.Uri): Uint8Array {
+    const buffer = this.files.get(uri.toString());
+    if (!buffer) {
+      throw vscode.FileSystemError.FileNotFound(uri);
+    }
+    return buffer;
+  }
+
+  writeFile(
+    uri: vscode.Uri,
+    content: Uint8Array,
+    options: { create: boolean; overwrite: boolean },
+  ): void {
+    // Check if file exists
+    const exists = this.files.has(uri.toString());
+
+    // For readonly files, only allow creation, not modification
+    if (exists && !options.overwrite) {
+      throw vscode.FileSystemError.FileExists(uri);
+    }
+    if (!exists && !options.create) {
+      throw vscode.FileSystemError.FileNotFound(uri);
+    }
+
+    this.files.set(uri.toString(), content);
+    this.emitter.fire([
+      {
+        type: exists
+          ? vscode.FileChangeType.Changed
+          : vscode.FileChangeType.Created,
+        uri,
+      },
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  delete(uri: vscode.Uri): void {
+    if (!this.files.has(uri.toString())) {
+      throw vscode.FileSystemError.FileNotFound(uri);
+    }
+    this.files.delete(uri.toString());
+    this.emitter.fire([{ type: vscode.FileChangeType.Deleted, uri }]);
+  }
+
+  rename(): void {
+    throw vscode.FileSystemError.NoPermissions('Readonly file system');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Clear all cached files
+   */
+  clear(): void {
+    this.files.clear();
+  }
+
+  dispose(): void {
+    this.clear();
+    this.disposables.forEach((d) => d.dispose());
+    // Clear global instance on dispose
+    if (ReadonlyFileSystemProvider.instance === this) {
+      ReadonlyFileSystemProvider.instance = null;
+    }
+  }
+}

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/types/acpTypes.ts

@@ -48,6 +48,35 @@ export interface ContentBlock {
   uri?: string;
 }
 
+export interface UsageMetadata {
+  promptTokens?: number | null;
+  completionTokens?: number | null;
+  thoughtsTokens?: number | null;
+  totalTokens?: number | null;
+  cachedTokens?: number | null;
+}
+
+export interface SessionUpdateMeta {
+  usage?: UsageMetadata | null;
+  durationMs?: number | null;
+}
+
+export type AcpMeta = Record<string, unknown>;
+export type ModelId = string;
+
+export interface ModelInfo {
+  _meta?: AcpMeta | null;
+  description?: string | null;
+  modelId: ModelId;
+  name: string;
+}
+
+export interface SessionModelState {
+  _meta?: AcpMeta | null;
+  availableModels: ModelInfo[];
+  currentModelId: ModelId;
+}
+
 export interface UserMessageChunkUpdate extends BaseSessionUpdate {
   update: {
     sessionUpdate: 'user_message_chunk';
@@ -59,6 +88,7 @@ export interface AgentMessageChunkUpdate extends BaseSessionUpdate {
   update: {
     sessionUpdate: 'agent_message_chunk';
     content: ContentBlock;
+    _meta?: SessionUpdateMeta;
   };
 }
 
@@ -66,6 +96,7 @@ export interface AgentThoughtChunkUpdate extends BaseSessionUpdate {
   update: {
     sessionUpdate: 'agent_thought_chunk';
     content: ContentBlock;
+    _meta?: SessionUpdateMeta;
   };
 }
 

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/types/chatTypes.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  * Copyright 2025 Qwen Team
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
-import type { AcpPermissionRequest } from './acpTypes.js';
+import type { AcpPermissionRequest, ModelInfo } from './acpTypes.js';
 import type { ApprovalModeValue } from './approvalModeValueTypes.js';
 
 export interface ChatMessage {
@@ -28,6 +28,18 @@ export interface ToolCallUpdateData {
   locations?: Array<{ path: string; line?: number | null }>;
 }
 
+export interface UsageStatsPayload {
+  usage?: {
+    promptTokens?: number | null;
+    completionTokens?: number | null;
+    thoughtsTokens?: number | null;
+    totalTokens?: number | null;
+    cachedTokens?: number | null;
+  } | null;
+  durationMs?: number | null;
+  tokenLimit?: number | null;
+}
+
 export interface QwenAgentCallbacks {
   onMessage?: (message: ChatMessage) => void;
   onStreamChunk?: (chunk: string) => void;
@@ -45,6 +57,8 @@ export interface QwenAgentCallbacks {
     }>;
   }) => void;
   onModeChanged?: (modeId: ApprovalModeValue) => void;
+  onUsageUpdate?: (stats: UsageStatsPayload) => void;
+  onModelInfo?: (info: ModelInfo) => void;
 }
 
 export interface ToolCallUpdate {

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/utils/acpModelInfo.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2025 Qwen Team
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { extractModelInfoFromNewSessionResult } from './acpModelInfo.js';
+
+describe('extractModelInfoFromNewSessionResult', () => {
+  it('extracts from NewSessionResponse.models (SessionModelState)', () => {
+    expect(
+      extractModelInfoFromNewSessionResult({
+        sessionId: 's',
+        models: {
+          currentModelId: 'qwen3-coder-plus',
+          availableModels: [
+            {
+              modelId: 'qwen3-coder-plus',
+              name: 'Qwen3 Coder Plus',
+              description: null,
+              _meta: { contextLimit: 123 },
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({
+      modelId: 'qwen3-coder-plus',
+      name: 'Qwen3 Coder Plus',
+      description: null,
+      _meta: { contextLimit: 123 },
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('skips invalid model entries and returns first valid one', () => {
+    expect(
+      extractModelInfoFromNewSessionResult({
+        models: {
+          currentModelId: 'ok',
+          availableModels: [
+            { name: '', modelId: '' },
+            { name: 'Ok', modelId: 'ok', _meta: { contextLimit: null } },
+          ],
+        },
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({ name: 'Ok', modelId: 'ok', _meta: { contextLimit: null } });
+  });
+
+  it('falls back to single `model` object', () => {
+    expect(
+      extractModelInfoFromNewSessionResult({
+        model: {
+          name: 'Single',
+          modelId: 'single',
+          _meta: { contextLimit: 999 },
+        },
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({
+      name: 'Single',
+      modelId: 'single',
+      _meta: { contextLimit: 999 },
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('falls back to legacy `modelInfo`', () => {
+    expect(
+      extractModelInfoFromNewSessionResult({
+        modelInfo: { name: 'legacy' },
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({ name: 'legacy', modelId: 'legacy' });
+  });
+
+  it('returns null when missing', () => {
+    expect(extractModelInfoFromNewSessionResult({})).toBeNull();
+    expect(extractModelInfoFromNewSessionResult(null)).toBeNull();
+  });
+});

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/utils/acpModelInfo.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2025 Qwen Team
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import type { AcpMeta, ModelInfo } from '../types/acpTypes.js';
+
+const asMeta = (value: unknown): AcpMeta | null | undefined => {
+  if (value === null) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (value && typeof value === 'object' && !Array.isArray(value)) {
+    return value as AcpMeta;
+  }
+  return undefined;
+};
+
+const normalizeModelInfo = (value: unknown): ModelInfo | null => {
+  if (!value || typeof value !== 'object') {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const obj = value as Record<string, unknown>;
+  const nameRaw = obj['name'];
+  const modelIdRaw = obj['modelId'];
+  const descriptionRaw = obj['description'];
+
+  const name = typeof nameRaw === 'string' ? nameRaw.trim() : '';
+  const modelId =
+    typeof modelIdRaw === 'string' && modelIdRaw.trim().length > 0
+      ? modelIdRaw.trim()
+      : name;
+
+  if (!modelId || modelId.trim().length === 0 || !name) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const description =
+    typeof descriptionRaw === 'string' || descriptionRaw === null
+      ? descriptionRaw
+      : undefined;
+
+  const metaFromWire = asMeta(obj['_meta']);
+
+  // Back-compat: older implementations used `contextLimit` at the top-level.
+  const legacyContextLimit = obj['contextLimit'];
+  const contextLimit =
+    typeof legacyContextLimit === 'number' || legacyContextLimit === null
+      ? legacyContextLimit
+      : undefined;
+
+  let mergedMeta: AcpMeta | null | undefined = metaFromWire;
+  if (typeof contextLimit !== 'undefined') {
+    if (mergedMeta === null) {
+      mergedMeta = { contextLimit };
+    } else if (typeof mergedMeta === 'undefined') {
+      mergedMeta = { contextLimit };
+    } else {
+      mergedMeta = { ...mergedMeta, contextLimit };
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    modelId,
+    name,
+    ...(typeof description !== 'undefined' ? { description } : {}),
+    ...(typeof mergedMeta !== 'undefined' ? { _meta: mergedMeta } : {}),
+  };
+};
+
+/**
+ * Extract model info from ACP `session/new` result.
+ *
+ * Per Agent Client Protocol draft schema, NewSessionResponse includes `models`.
+ * We also accept legacy shapes for compatibility.
+ */
+export const extractModelInfoFromNewSessionResult = (
+  result: unknown,
+): ModelInfo | null => {
+  if (!result || typeof result !== 'object') {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const obj = result as Record<string, unknown>;
+
+  const models = obj['models'];
+
+  // ACP draft: NewSessionResponse.models is a SessionModelState object.
+  if (models && typeof models === 'object' && !Array.isArray(models)) {
+    const state = models as Record<string, unknown>;
+    const availableModels = state['availableModels'];
+    const currentModelId = state['currentModelId'];
+    if (Array.isArray(availableModels)) {
+      const normalizedModels = availableModels
+        .map(normalizeModelInfo)
+        .filter((m): m is ModelInfo => Boolean(m));
+      if (normalizedModels.length > 0) {
+        if (typeof currentModelId === 'string' && currentModelId.length > 0) {
+          const selected = normalizedModels.find(
+            (m) => m.modelId === currentModelId,
+          );
+          if (selected) {
+            return selected;
+          }
+        }
+        return normalizedModels[0];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Legacy: some implementations returned `models` as a raw array.
+  if (Array.isArray(models)) {
+    for (const entry of models) {
+      const normalized = normalizeModelInfo(entry);
+      if (normalized) {
+        return normalized;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Some implementations may return a single model object.
+  const model = normalizeModelInfo(obj['model']);
+  if (model) {
+    return model;
+  }
+
+  // Legacy: modelInfo on initialize; allow as a fallback.
+  const legacy = normalizeModelInfo(obj['modelInfo']);
+  if (legacy) {
+    return legacy;
+  }
+
+  return null;
+};

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/utils/editorGroupUtils.ts

@@ -53,11 +53,40 @@ export function findLeftGroupOfChatWebview(): vscode.ViewColumn | undefined {
   }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Wait for a condition to become true, driven by tab-group change events.
+ * Falls back to a timeout to avoid hanging forever.
+ */
+function waitForTabGroupsCondition(
+  condition: () => boolean,
+  timeout: number = 2000,
+): Promise<boolean> {
+  if (condition()) {
+    return Promise.resolve(true);
+  }
+
+  return new Promise<boolean>((resolve) => {
+    const subscription = vscode.window.tabGroups.onDidChangeTabGroups(() => {
+      if (!condition()) {
+        return;
+      }
+      clearTimeout(timeoutHandle);
+      subscription.dispose();
+      resolve(true);
+    });
+
+    const timeoutHandle = setTimeout(() => {
+      subscription.dispose();
+      resolve(false);
+    }, timeout);
+  });
+}
+
 /**
  * Ensure there is an editor group directly to the left of the Qwen chat webview.
  * - If one exists, return its ViewColumn.
  * - If none exists, focus the chat panel and create a new group on its left,
- *   then return the new group's ViewColumn (which equals the chat's previous column).
+ *   then return the new group's ViewColumn.
  * - If the chat webview cannot be located, returns undefined.
  */
 export async function ensureLeftGroupOfChatWebview(): Promise<
@@ -87,7 +116,7 @@ export async function ensureLeftGroupOfChatWebview(): Promise<
     return undefined;
   }
 
-  const previousChatColumn = webviewGroup.viewColumn;
+  const initialGroupCount = vscode.window.tabGroups.all.length;
 
   // Make the chat group active by revealing the panel
   try {
@@ -104,6 +133,22 @@ export async function ensureLeftGroupOfChatWebview(): Promise<
     return undefined;
   }
 
+  // Wait for the new group to actually be created (check that group count increased)
+  const groupCreated = await waitForTabGroupsCondition(
+    () => vscode.window.tabGroups.all.length > initialGroupCount,
+    1000, // 1 second timeout
+  );
+
+  if (!groupCreated) {
+    // Fallback if group creation didn't complete in time
+    return vscode.ViewColumn.One;
+  }
+
+  // After creating a new group to the left, the new group takes ViewColumn.One
+  // and all existing groups shift right. So the new left group is always ViewColumn.One.
+  // However, to be safe, let's query for it again.
+  const newLeftGroup = findLeftGroupOfChatWebview();
+
   // Restore focus to chat (optional), so we don't disturb user focus
   try {
     await vscode.commands.executeCommand(openChatCommand);
@@ -111,6 +156,7 @@ export async function ensureLeftGroupOfChatWebview(): Promise<
     // Ignore
   }
 
-  // The new left group's column equals the chat's previous column
+  // If we successfully found the new left group, return it
-  return previousChatColumn;
+  // Otherwise, fallback to ViewColumn.One (the newly created group should be first)
+  return newLeftGroup ?? vscode.ViewColumn.One;
 }

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/webview/App.tsx

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import type { TextMessage } from './hooks/message/useMessageHandling.js';
 import type { ToolCallData } from './components/messages/toolcalls/ToolCall.js';
 import { PermissionDrawer } from './components/PermissionDrawer/PermissionDrawer.js';
 import { ToolCall } from './components/messages/toolcalls/ToolCall.js';
-import { hasToolCallOutput } from './components/messages/toolcalls/shared/utils.js';
+import { hasToolCallOutput } from './utils/utils.js';
 import { EmptyState } from './components/layout/EmptyState.js';
 import { Onboarding } from './components/layout/Onboarding.js';
 import { type CompletionItem } from '../types/completionItemTypes.js';
@@ -45,7 +45,12 @@ import { SessionSelector } from './components/layout/SessionSelector.js';
 import { FileIcon, UserIcon } from './components/icons/index.js';
 import { ApprovalMode, NEXT_APPROVAL_MODE } from '../types/acpTypes.js';
 import type { ApprovalModeValue } from '../types/approvalModeValueTypes.js';
-import type { PlanEntry } from '../types/chatTypes.js';
+import type { PlanEntry, UsageStatsPayload } from '../types/chatTypes.js';
+import type { ModelInfo } from '../types/acpTypes.js';
+import {
+  DEFAULT_TOKEN_LIMIT,
+  tokenLimit,
+} from '@qwen-code/qwen-code-core/src/core/tokenLimits.js';
 
 export const App: React.FC = () => {
   const vscode = useVSCode();
@@ -70,6 +75,8 @@ export const App: React.FC = () => {
   const [planEntries, setPlanEntries] = useState<PlanEntry[]>([]);
   const [isAuthenticated, setIsAuthenticated] = useState<boolean | null>(null);
   const [isLoading, setIsLoading] = useState<boolean>(true); // Track if we're still initializing/loading
+  const [modelInfo, setModelInfo] = useState<ModelInfo | null>(null);
+  const [usageStats, setUsageStats] = useState<UsageStatsPayload | null>(null);
   const messagesEndRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(
     null,
   ) as React.RefObject<HTMLDivElement>;
@@ -160,6 +167,48 @@ export const App: React.FC = () => {
 
   const completion = useCompletionTrigger(inputFieldRef, getCompletionItems);
 
+  const contextUsage = useMemo(() => {
+    if (!usageStats && !modelInfo) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    const modelName =
+      modelInfo?.modelId && typeof modelInfo.modelId === 'string'
+        ? modelInfo.modelId
+        : modelInfo?.name && typeof modelInfo.name === 'string'
+          ? modelInfo.name
+          : undefined;
+
+    const derivedLimit =
+      modelName && modelName.length > 0 ? tokenLimit(modelName) : undefined;
+
+    const metaLimitRaw = modelInfo?._meta?.['contextLimit'];
+    const metaLimit =
+      typeof metaLimitRaw === 'number' || metaLimitRaw === null
+        ? metaLimitRaw
+        : undefined;
+
+    const limit =
+      usageStats?.tokenLimit ??
+      metaLimit ??
+      derivedLimit ??
+      DEFAULT_TOKEN_LIMIT;
+
+    const used = usageStats?.usage?.promptTokens ?? 0;
+    if (typeof limit !== 'number' || limit <= 0 || used < 0) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    const percentLeft = Math.max(
+      0,
+      Math.min(100, Math.round(((limit - used) / limit) * 100)),
+    );
+    return {
+      percentLeft,
+      usedTokens: used,
+      tokenLimit: limit,
+    };
+  }, [usageStats, modelInfo]);
+
   // Track a lightweight signature of workspace files to detect content changes even when length is unchanged
   const workspaceFilesSignature = useMemo(
     () =>
@@ -248,6 +297,10 @@ export const App: React.FC = () => {
     setInputText,
     setEditMode,
     setIsAuthenticated,
+    setUsageStats: (stats) => setUsageStats(stats ?? null),
+    setModelInfo: (info) => {
+      setModelInfo(info);
+    },
   });
 
   // Auto-scroll handling: keep the view pinned to bottom when new content arrives,
@@ -760,6 +813,7 @@ export const App: React.FC = () => {
           activeFileName={fileContext.activeFileName}
           activeSelection={fileContext.activeSelection}
           skipAutoActiveContext={skipAutoActiveContext}
+          contextUsage={contextUsage}
           onInputChange={setInputText}
           onCompositionStart={() => setIsComposing(true)}
           onCompositionEnd={() => setIsComposing(false)}

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/webview/WebViewProvider.ts

@@ -118,6 +118,20 @@ export class WebViewProvider {
       });
     });
 
+    this.agentManager.onUsageUpdate((stats) => {
+      this.sendMessageToWebView({
+        type: 'usageStats',
+        data: stats,
+      });
+    });
+
+    this.agentManager.onModelInfo((info) => {
+      this.sendMessageToWebView({
+        type: 'modelInfo',
+        data: info,
+      });
+    });
+
     // Setup end-turn handler from ACP stopReason notifications
     this.agentManager.onEndTurn((reason) => {
       // Ensure WebView exits streaming state even if no explicit streamEnd was emitted elsewhere

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/webview/components/Tooltip.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2025 Qwen Team
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import type React from 'react';
+
+interface TooltipProps {
+  children: React.ReactNode;
+  content: React.ReactNode;
+  position?: 'top' | 'bottom' | 'left' | 'right';
+}
+
+export const Tooltip: React.FC<TooltipProps> = ({
+  children,
+  content,
+  position = 'top',
+}) => (
+  <div className="relative inline-block">
+    <div className="group relative">
+      {children}
+      <div
+        className={`
+          absolute z-50 px-2 py-1 text-xs rounded-md shadow-lg
+          bg-[var(--app-primary-background)] border border-[var(--app-input-border)]
+          text-[var(--app-primary-foreground)] whitespace-nowrap
+          opacity-0 group-hover:opacity-100 transition-opacity duration-150
+          -translate-x-1/2 left-1/2
+          ${
+            position === 'top'
+              ? '-translate-y-1 bottom-full mb-1'
+              : position === 'bottom'
+                ? 'translate-y-1 top-full mt-1'
+                : position === 'left'
+                  ? '-translate-x-full left-0 translate-y-[-50%] top-1/2'
+                  : 'translate-x-0 right-0 translate-y-[-50%] top-1/2'
+          }
+          pointer-events-none
+        `}
+      >
+        {content}
+        <div
+          className={`
+            absolute w-2 h-2 bg-[var(--app-primary-background)] border-l border-b border-[var(--app-input-border)]
+            -rotate-45
+            ${
+              position === 'top'
+                ? 'top-full left-1/2 -translate-x-1/2 -translate-y-1/2'
+                : position === 'bottom'
+                  ? 'bottom-full left-1/2 -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-1/2'
+                  : position === 'left'
+                    ? 'right-full top-1/2 translate-x-1/2 -translate-y-1/2'
+                    : 'left-full top-1/2 -translate-x-1/2 -translate-y-1/2'
+            }
+          `}
+        />
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+);

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/webview/components/layout/ContextIndicator.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2025 Qwen Team
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import type React from 'react';
+import { Tooltip } from '../Tooltip.js';
+
+interface ContextUsage {
+  percentLeft: number;
+  usedTokens: number;
+  tokenLimit: number;
+}
+
+interface ContextIndicatorProps {
+  contextUsage: ContextUsage | null;
+}
+
+export const ContextIndicator: React.FC<ContextIndicatorProps> = ({
+  contextUsage,
+}) => {
+  if (!contextUsage) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  // Calculate used percentage for the progress indicator
+  // contextUsage.percentLeft is the percentage remaining, so 100 - percentLeft = percent used
+  const percentUsed = 100 - contextUsage.percentLeft;
+  const percentFormatted = Math.max(0, Math.min(100, Math.round(percentUsed)));
+  const radius = 9;
+  const circumference = 2 * Math.PI * radius;
+  // To show the used portion, we need to offset the unused portion
+  // If 20% is used, we want to show 20% filled, so offset the remaining 80%
+  const dashOffset = ((100 - percentUsed) / 100) * circumference;
+  const formatNumber = (value: number) => {
+    if (value >= 1000) {
+      return `${(Math.round((value / 1000) * 10) / 10).toFixed(1)}k`;
+    }
+    return Math.round(value).toLocaleString();
+  };
+
+  // Create tooltip content with proper formatting
+  const tooltipContent = (
+    <div className="flex flex-col gap-1">
+      <div className="font-medium">
+        {percentFormatted}% • {formatNumber(contextUsage.usedTokens)} /{' '}
+        {formatNumber(contextUsage.tokenLimit)} context used
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+
+  return (
+    <Tooltip content={tooltipContent} position="top">
+      <button
+        className="btn-icon-compact"
+        aria-label={`${percentFormatted}% • ${formatNumber(contextUsage.usedTokens)} / ${formatNumber(contextUsage.tokenLimit)} context used`}
+      >
+        <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">
+          <circle
+            className="context-indicator__track"
+            cx="12"
+            cy="12"
+            r={radius}
+            fill="none"
+            stroke="currentColor"
+            opacity="0.2"
+          />
+          <circle
+            className="context-indicator__progress"
+            cx="12"
+            cy="12"
+            r={radius}
+            fill="none"
+            stroke="currentColor"
+            strokeWidth="2"
+            strokeDasharray={circumference}
+            strokeDashoffset={dashOffset}
+            style={{
+              transform: 'rotate(-90deg)',
+              transformOrigin: '50% 50%',
+            }}
+          />
+        </svg>
+      </button>
+    </Tooltip>
+  );
+};

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/webview/components/layout/InputForm.tsx

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import { CompletionMenu } from '../layout/CompletionMenu.js';
 import type { CompletionItem } from '../../../types/completionItemTypes.js';
 import { getApprovalModeInfoFromString } from '../../../types/acpTypes.js';
 import type { ApprovalModeValue } from '../../../types/approvalModeValueTypes.js';
+import { ContextIndicator } from './ContextIndicator.js';
 
 interface InputFormProps {
   inputText: string;
@@ -36,6 +37,11 @@ interface InputFormProps {
   activeSelection: { startLine: number; endLine: number } | null;
   // Whether to auto-load the active editor selection/path into context
   skipAutoActiveContext: boolean;
+  contextUsage: {
+    percentLeft: number;
+    usedTokens: number;
+    tokenLimit: number;
+  } | null;
   onInputChange: (text: string) => void;
   onCompositionStart: () => void;
   onCompositionEnd: () => void;
@@ -96,6 +102,7 @@ export const InputForm: React.FC<InputFormProps> = ({
   activeFileName,
   activeSelection,
   skipAutoActiveContext,
+  contextUsage,
   onInputChange,
   onCompositionStart,
   onCompositionEnd,
@@ -240,6 +247,9 @@ export const InputForm: React.FC<InputFormProps> = ({
             {/* Spacer */}
             <div className="flex-1 min-w-0" />
 
+            {/* Context usage indicator */}
+            <ContextIndicator contextUsage={contextUsage} />
+
             {/* @yiliang114. closed temporarily */}
             {/* Thinking button */}
             {/* <button

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/webview/components/messages/toolcalls/Bash/Bash.css

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
  * Copyright 2025 Qwen Team
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  *
- * Execute tool call styles - Enhanced styling with semantic class names
+ * Bash tool call styles - Enhanced styling with semantic class names
  */
 
-/* Root container for execute tool call output */
+/* Root container for bash tool call output */
 .bash-toolcall-card {
   border: 0.5px solid var(--app-input-border);
   border-radius: 5px;
@@ -100,3 +100,9 @@
 .bash-toolcall-error-content {
   color: #c74e39;
 }
+
+/* Row with copy button */
+.bash-toolcall-row-with-copy {
+  position: relative;
+  grid-template-columns: max-content 1fr max-content;
+}

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/webview/components/messages/toolcalls/Bash/Bash.tsx

@@ -9,9 +9,10 @@
 import type React from 'react';
 import type { BaseToolCallProps } from '../shared/types.js';
 import { ToolCallContainer } from '../shared/LayoutComponents.js';
-import { safeTitle, groupContent } from '../shared/utils.js';
+import { safeTitle, groupContent } from '../../../../utils/utils.js';
 import { useVSCode } from '../../../../hooks/useVSCode.js';
-import { createAndOpenTempFile } from '../../../../utils/tempFileManager.js';
+import { createAndOpenTempFile } from '../../../../utils/diffUtils.js';
+import { CopyButton } from '../shared/copyUtils.js';
 import './Bash.css';
 
 /**
@@ -37,19 +38,14 @@ export const ExecuteToolCall: React.FC<BaseToolCallProps> = ({ toolCall }) => {
 
   // Handle click on IN section
   const handleInClick = () => {
-    createAndOpenTempFile(
+    createAndOpenTempFile(vscode, inputCommand, `bash-input-${toolCallId}`);
-      vscode.postMessage,
-      inputCommand,
-      'bash-input',
-      '.sh',
-    );
   };
 
   // Handle click on OUT section
   const handleOutClick = () => {
     if (textOutputs.length > 0) {
       const output = textOutputs.join('\n');
-      createAndOpenTempFile(vscode.postMessage, output, 'bash-output', '.txt');
+      createAndOpenTempFile(vscode, output, `bash-output-${toolCallId}`);
     }
   };
 
@@ -84,7 +80,7 @@ export const ExecuteToolCall: React.FC<BaseToolCallProps> = ({ toolCall }) => {
           <div className="bash-toolcall-content">
             {/* IN row */}
             <div
-              className="bash-toolcall-row"
+              className="bash-toolcall-row bash-toolcall-row-with-copy group"
               onClick={handleInClick}
               style={{ cursor: 'pointer' }}
             >
@@ -92,6 +88,7 @@ export const ExecuteToolCall: React.FC<BaseToolCallProps> = ({ toolCall }) => {
               <div className="bash-toolcall-row-content">
                 <pre className="bash-toolcall-pre">{inputCommand}</pre>
               </div>
+              <CopyButton text={inputCommand} />
             </div>
 
             {/* ERROR row */}
@@ -131,7 +128,7 @@ export const ExecuteToolCall: React.FC<BaseToolCallProps> = ({ toolCall }) => {
           <div className="bash-toolcall-content">
             {/* IN row */}
             <div
-              className="bash-toolcall-row"
+              className="bash-toolcall-row bash-toolcall-row-with-copy group"
               onClick={handleInClick}
               style={{ cursor: 'pointer' }}
             >
@@ -139,6 +136,7 @@ export const ExecuteToolCall: React.FC<BaseToolCallProps> = ({ toolCall }) => {
               <div className="bash-toolcall-row-content">
                 <pre className="bash-toolcall-pre">{inputCommand}</pre>
               </div>
+              <CopyButton text={inputCommand} />
             </div>
 
             {/* OUT row */}

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/webview/components/messages/toolcalls/Edit/EditToolCall.tsx

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import type { BaseToolCallProps } from '../shared/types.js';
 import {
   groupContent,
   mapToolStatusToContainerStatus,
-} from '../shared/utils.js';
+} from '../../../../utils/utils.js';
 import { FileLink } from '../../../layout/FileLink.js';
 import type { ToolCallContainerProps } from '../shared/LayoutComponents.js';
 

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/webview/components/messages/toolcalls/Execute/Execute.css

@@ -61,11 +61,7 @@
 /* Truncated content styling */
 .execute-toolcall-row-content:not(.execute-toolcall-full) {
   max-height: 60px;
-  mask-image: linear-gradient(
+  mask-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, var(--app-primary-background) 40px, transparent 60px);
-    to bottom,
-    var(--app-primary-background) 40px,
-    transparent 60px
-  );
   overflow: hidden;
 }
 
@@ -87,7 +83,6 @@
 
 /* Output content with subtle styling */
 .execute-toolcall-output-subtle {
-  background-color: var(--app-code-background);
   white-space: pre;
   overflow-x: auto;
   max-width: 100%;
@@ -100,3 +95,9 @@
 .execute-toolcall-error-content {
   color: #c74e39;
 }
+
+/* Row with copy button */
+.execute-toolcall-row-with-copy {
+  position: relative;
+  grid-template-columns: max-content 1fr max-content;
+}

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/webview/components/messages/toolcalls/Execute/Execute.tsx

@@ -8,9 +8,12 @@
 
 import type React from 'react';
 import type { BaseToolCallProps } from '../shared/types.js';
-import { safeTitle, groupContent } from '../shared/utils.js';
+import { safeTitle, groupContent } from '../../../../utils/utils.js';
 import './Execute.css';
 import type { ToolCallContainerProps } from '../shared/LayoutComponents.js';
+import { useVSCode } from '../../../../hooks/useVSCode.js';
+import { createAndOpenTempFile } from '../../../../utils/diffUtils.js';
+import { CopyButton } from '../shared/copyUtils.js';
 
 export const ToolCallContainer: React.FC<ToolCallContainerProps> = ({
   label,
@@ -48,6 +51,7 @@ export const ExecuteToolCall: React.FC<BaseToolCallProps> = ({ toolCall }) => {
   const commandText = safeTitle(
     (rawInput as Record<string, unknown>)?.description || title,
   );
+  const vscode = useVSCode();
 
   // Group content by type
   const { textOutputs, errors } = groupContent(content);
@@ -61,6 +65,19 @@ export const ExecuteToolCall: React.FC<BaseToolCallProps> = ({ toolCall }) => {
     inputCommand = rawInput;
   }
 
+  // Handle click on IN section
+  const handleInClick = () => {
+    createAndOpenTempFile(vscode, inputCommand, `execute-input-${toolCallId}`);
+  };
+
+  // Handle click on OUT section
+  const handleOutClick = () => {
+    if (textOutputs.length > 0) {
+      const output = textOutputs.join('\n');
+      createAndOpenTempFile(vscode, output, `execute-output-${toolCallId}`);
+    }
+  };
+
   // Map tool status to container status for proper bullet coloring
   const containerStatus:
     | 'success'
@@ -92,11 +109,16 @@ export const ExecuteToolCall: React.FC<BaseToolCallProps> = ({ toolCall }) => {
         <div className="execute-toolcall-card">
           <div className="execute-toolcall-content">
             {/* IN row */}
-            <div className="execute-toolcall-row">
+            <div
+              className="execute-toolcall-row execute-toolcall-row-with-copy group"
+              onClick={handleInClick}
+              style={{ cursor: 'pointer' }}
+            >
               <div className="execute-toolcall-label">IN</div>
               <div className="execute-toolcall-row-content">
                 <pre className="execute-toolcall-pre">{inputCommand}</pre>
               </div>
+              <CopyButton text={inputCommand} />
             </div>
 
             {/* ERROR row */}
@@ -135,15 +157,24 @@ export const ExecuteToolCall: React.FC<BaseToolCallProps> = ({ toolCall }) => {
         <div className="execute-toolcall-card">
           <div className="execute-toolcall-content">
             {/* IN row */}
-            <div className="execute-toolcall-row">
+            <div
+              className="execute-toolcall-row execute-toolcall-row-with-copy group"
+              onClick={handleInClick}
+              style={{ cursor: 'pointer' }}
+            >
               <div className="execute-toolcall-label">IN</div>
               <div className="execute-toolcall-row-content">
                 <pre className="execute-toolcall-pre">{inputCommand}</pre>
               </div>
+              <CopyButton text={inputCommand} />
             </div>
 
             {/* OUT row */}
-            <div className="execute-toolcall-row">
+            <div
+              className="execute-toolcall-row"
+              onClick={handleOutClick}
+              style={{ cursor: 'pointer' }}
+            >
               <div className="execute-toolcall-label">OUT</div>
               <div className="execute-toolcall-row-content">
                 <div className="execute-toolcall-output-subtle">
@@ -164,7 +195,11 @@ export const ExecuteToolCall: React.FC<BaseToolCallProps> = ({ toolCall }) => {
       status={containerStatus}
       toolCallId={toolCallId}
     >
-      <div className="inline-flex text-[var(--app-secondary-foreground)] text-[0.85em] opacity-70 mt-[2px] mb-[2px] flex-row items-start w-full gap-1">
+      <div
+        className="inline-flex text-[var(--app-secondary-foreground)] text-[0.85em] opacity-70 mt-[2px] mb-[2px] flex-row items-start w-full gap-1"
+        onClick={handleInClick}
+        style={{ cursor: 'pointer' }}
+      >
         <span className="flex-shrink-0 relative top-[-0.1em]">⎿</span>
         <span className="flex-shrink-0 w-full">{commandText}</span>
       </div>

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/webview/components/messages/toolcalls/GenericToolCall.tsx

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import {
   ToolCallRow,
   LocationsList,
 } from './shared/LayoutComponents.js';
-import { safeTitle, groupContent } from './shared/utils.js';
+import { safeTitle, groupContent } from '../../../utils/utils.js';
 
 /**
  * Generic tool call component that can display any tool call type

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/webview/components/messages/toolcalls/Read/ReadToolCall.tsx

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import type { BaseToolCallProps } from '../shared/types.js';
 import {
   groupContent,
   mapToolStatusToContainerStatus,
-} from '../shared/utils.js';
+} from '../../../../utils/utils.js';
 import { FileLink } from '../../../layout/FileLink.js';
 import { useVSCode } from '../../../../hooks/useVSCode.js';
 import { handleOpenDiff } from '../../../../utils/diffUtils.js';

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/webview/components/messages/toolcalls/Search/SearchToolCall.tsx

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import {
   safeTitle,
   groupContent,
   mapToolStatusToContainerStatus,
-} from '../shared/utils.js';
+} from '../../../../utils/utils.js';
 
 /**
  * Specialized component for Search tool calls
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ export const SearchToolCall: React.FC<BaseToolCallProps> = ({
         isLast={isLast}
       >
         <div className="flex flex-col">
-          {textOutputs.map((text, index) => (
+          {textOutputs.map((text: string, index: number) => (
             <div
               key={index}
               className="inline-flex text-[var(--app-secondary-foreground)] text-[0.85em] opacity-70 mt-[2px] mb-[2px] flex-row items-start w-full gap-1"

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/webview/components/messages/toolcalls/Think/ThinkToolCall.tsx

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import {
   ToolCallCard,
   ToolCallRow,
 } from '../shared/LayoutComponents.js';
-import { groupContent } from '../shared/utils.js';
+import { groupContent } from '../../../../utils/utils.js';
 
 /**
  * Specialized component for Think tool calls

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/webview/components/messages/toolcalls/UpdatedPlan/UpdatedPlanToolCall.tsx

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 import type React from 'react';
 import type { BaseToolCallProps } from '../shared/types.js';
 import type { ToolCallContainerProps } from '../shared/LayoutComponents.js';
-import { groupContent, safeTitle } from '../shared/utils.js';
+import { groupContent, safeTitle } from '../../../../utils/utils.js';
 import { CheckboxDisplay } from './CheckboxDisplay.js';
 import type { PlanEntry } from '../../../../../types/chatTypes.js';
 

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/webview/components/messages/toolcalls/Write/WriteToolCall.tsx

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import { ToolCallContainer } from '../shared/LayoutComponents.js';
 import {
   groupContent,
   mapToolStatusToContainerStatus,
-} from '../shared/utils.js';
+} from '../../../../utils/utils.js';
 import { FileLink } from '../../../layout/FileLink.js';
 
 /**

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/webview/components/messages/toolcalls/index.tsx

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 import type React from 'react';
 import type { BaseToolCallProps } from './shared/types.js';
-import { shouldShowToolCall } from './shared/utils.js';
+import { shouldShowToolCall } from '../../../utils/utils.js';
 import { GenericToolCall } from './GenericToolCall.js';
 import { ReadToolCall } from './Read/ReadToolCall.js';
 import { WriteToolCall } from './Write/WriteToolCall.js';

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/webview/components/messages/toolcalls/shared/copyUtils.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2025 Qwen Team
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * Shared copy utilities for toolcall components
+ */
+
+import type React from 'react';
+import { useState } from 'react';
+
+/**
+ * Handle copy to clipboard
+ */
+export const handleCopyToClipboard = async (
+  text: string,
+  event: React.MouseEvent,
+): Promise<void> => {
+  event.stopPropagation(); // Prevent triggering the row click
+  try {
+    await navigator.clipboard.writeText(text);
+  } catch (err) {
+    console.error('Failed to copy text:', err);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Copy button component props
+ */
+interface CopyButtonProps {
+  text: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Shared copy button component with Tailwind styles
+ * Note: Parent element should have 'group' class for hover effect
+ */
+export const CopyButton: React.FC<CopyButtonProps> = ({ text }) => {
+  const [showTooltip, setShowTooltip] = useState(false);
+
+  return (
+    <button
+      className="col-start-3 bg-transparent border-none px-2 py-1.5 cursor-pointer text-[var(--app-secondary-foreground)] opacity-0 transition-opacity duration-200 ease-out flex items-center justify-center rounded relative group-hover:opacity-70 hover:!opacity-100 hover:bg-[var(--app-input-border)] active:scale-95"
+      onClick={async (e) => {
+        await handleCopyToClipboard(text, e);
+        setShowTooltip(true);
+        setTimeout(() => setShowTooltip(false), 1000);
+      }}
+      title="Copy"
+      aria-label="Copy to clipboard"
+    >
+      <svg
+        width="14"
+        height="14"
+        viewBox="0 0 16 16"
+        fill="none"
+        xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+      >
+        <path
+          d="M4 4V3C4 2.44772 4.44772 2 5 2H13C13.5523 2 14 2.44772 14 3V11C14 11.5523 13.5523 12 13 12H12M3 6H11C11.5523 6 12 6.44772 12 7V13C12 13.5523 11.5523 14 11 14H3C2.44772 14 2 13.5523 2 13V7C2 6.44772 2.44772 6 3 6Z"
+          stroke="currentColor"
+          strokeWidth="1.5"
+          strokeLinecap="round"
+          strokeLinejoin="round"
+        />
+      </svg>
+      {showTooltip && (
+        <span className="absolute -top-7 right-0 bg-[var(--app-tool-background)] text-[var(--app-primary-foreground)] px-2 py-1 rounded text-xs whitespace-nowrap border border-[var(--app-input-border)] pointer-events-none">
+          Copied!
+        </span>
+      )}
+    </button>
+  );
+};

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/webview/handlers/FileMessageHandler.ts

@@ -5,12 +5,14 @@
  */
 
 import * as vscode from 'vscode';
-import * as fs from 'fs';
-import * as os from 'os';
-import * as path from 'path';
 import { BaseMessageHandler } from './BaseMessageHandler.js';
 import { getFileName } from '../utils/webviewUtils.js';
 import { showDiffCommand } from '../../commands/index.js';
+import {
+  findLeftGroupOfChatWebview,
+  ensureLeftGroupOfChatWebview,
+} from '../../utils/editorGroupUtils.js';
+import { ReadonlyFileSystemProvider } from '../../services/readonlyFileSystemProvider.js';
 
 /**
  * File message handler
@@ -396,7 +398,7 @@ export class FileMessageHandler extends BaseMessageHandler {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Create and open temporary file
+   * Create and open temporary readonly file
    */
   private async handleCreateAndOpenTempFile(
     data: Record<string, unknown> | undefined,
@@ -411,26 +413,78 @@ export class FileMessageHandler extends BaseMessageHandler {
     try {
       const content = (data.content as string) || '';
       const fileName = (data.fileName as string) || 'temp';
-      const fileExtension = (data.fileExtension as string) || '.txt';
 
-      // Create temporary file path
+      // Get readonly file system provider from global singleton
-      const tempDir = os.tmpdir();
+      const readonlyProvider = ReadonlyFileSystemProvider.getInstance();
-      const tempFileName = `${fileName}-${Date.now()}${fileExtension}`;
+      if (!readonlyProvider) {
-      const tempFilePath = path.join(tempDir, tempFileName);
+        const errorMessage = 'Readonly file system provider not initialized';
+        console.error('[FileMessageHandler]', errorMessage);
+        this.sendToWebView({
+          type: 'error',
+          data: { message: errorMessage },
+        });
+        return;
+      }
 
-      // Write content to temporary file
+      // Create readonly URI (without timestamp to ensure consistency)
-      await fs.promises.writeFile(tempFilePath, content, 'utf8');
+      const uri = readonlyProvider.createUri(fileName, content);
+      readonlyProvider.setContent(uri, content);
 
-      // Open the temporary file in VS Code
+      // If the document already has an open tab, focus that same tab instead of opening a new one.
-      const uri = vscode.Uri.file(tempFilePath);
+      let foundExistingTab = false;
-      await vscode.window.showTextDocument(uri, {
+      let existingViewColumn: vscode.ViewColumn | undefined;
+      for (const tabGroup of vscode.window.tabGroups.all) {
+        for (const tab of tabGroup.tabs) {
+          const input = tab.input as { uri?: vscode.Uri } | undefined;
+          if (input?.uri && input.uri.toString() === uri.toString()) {
+            foundExistingTab = true;
+            existingViewColumn = tabGroup.viewColumn;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        if (foundExistingTab) {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (foundExistingTab) {
+        const document = await vscode.workspace.openTextDocument(uri);
+        const showOptions: vscode.TextDocumentShowOptions = {
+          preview: false,
+          preserveFocus: false,
+        };
+        if (existingViewColumn !== undefined) {
+          showOptions.viewColumn = existingViewColumn;
+        }
+        await vscode.window.showTextDocument(document, showOptions);
+        console.log(
+          '[FileMessageHandler] Focused on existing readonly file:',
+          uri.toString(),
+          'in viewColumn:',
+          existingViewColumn,
+        );
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // Find or ensure left group of chat webview
+      let targetViewColumn = findLeftGroupOfChatWebview();
+      if (targetViewColumn === undefined) {
+        targetViewColumn = await ensureLeftGroupOfChatWebview();
+      }
+
+      // Open as readonly document in the left group and focus it (single click should be enough)
+      const document = await vscode.workspace.openTextDocument(uri);
+      await vscode.window.showTextDocument(document, {
+        viewColumn: targetViewColumn ?? vscode.ViewColumn.Beside,
         preview: false,
         preserveFocus: false,
       });
 
       console.log(
-        '[FileMessageHandler] Created and opened temporary file:',
+        '[FileMessageHandler] Created and opened readonly file:',
-        tempFilePath,
+        uri.toString(),
+        'in viewColumn:',
+        targetViewColumn ?? 'Beside',
       );
     } catch (error) {
       console.error(

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/webview/hooks/useWebViewMessages.ts

@@ -11,9 +11,13 @@ import type {
   PermissionOption,
   ToolCall as PermissionToolCall,
 } from '../components/PermissionDrawer/PermissionRequest.js';
-import type { ToolCallUpdate } from '../../types/chatTypes.js';
+import type {
+  ToolCallUpdate,
+  UsageStatsPayload,
+} from '../../types/chatTypes.js';
 import type { ApprovalModeValue } from '../../types/approvalModeValueTypes.js';
 import type { PlanEntry } from '../../types/chatTypes.js';
+import type { ModelInfo } from '../../types/acpTypes.js';
 
 const FORCE_CLEAR_STREAM_END_REASONS = new Set([
   'user_cancelled',
@@ -119,6 +123,10 @@ interface UseWebViewMessagesProps {
   setEditMode?: (mode: ApprovalModeValue) => void;
   // Authentication state setter
   setIsAuthenticated?: (authenticated: boolean | null) => void;
+  // Usage stats setter
+  setUsageStats?: (stats: UsageStatsPayload | undefined) => void;
+  // Model info setter
+  setModelInfo?: (info: ModelInfo | null) => void;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -137,12 +145,15 @@ export const useWebViewMessages = ({
   setInputText,
   setEditMode,
   setIsAuthenticated,
+  setUsageStats,
+  setModelInfo,
 }: UseWebViewMessagesProps) => {
   // VS Code API for posting messages back to the extension host
   const vscode = useVSCode();
   // Track active long-running tool calls (execute/bash/command) so we can
   // keep the bottom "waiting" message visible until all of them complete.
   const activeExecToolCallsRef = useRef<Set<string>>(new Set());
+  const modelInfoRef = useRef<ModelInfo | null>(null);
   // Use ref to store callbacks to avoid useEffect dependency issues
   const handlersRef = useRef({
     sessionManagement,
@@ -153,6 +164,8 @@ export const useWebViewMessages = ({
     setPlanEntries,
     handlePermissionRequest,
     setIsAuthenticated,
+    setUsageStats,
+    setModelInfo,
   });
 
   // Track last "Updated Plan" snapshot toolcall to support merge/dedupe
@@ -198,6 +211,8 @@ export const useWebViewMessages = ({
       setPlanEntries,
       handlePermissionRequest,
       setIsAuthenticated,
+      setUsageStats,
+      setModelInfo,
     };
   });
 
@@ -230,6 +245,42 @@ export const useWebViewMessages = ({
           break;
         }
 
+        case 'usageStats': {
+          const stats = message.data as UsageStatsPayload | undefined;
+          handlers.setUsageStats?.(stats);
+          break;
+        }
+
+        case 'modelInfo': {
+          const info = message.data as Partial<ModelInfo> | undefined;
+          if (
+            info &&
+            typeof info.name === 'string' &&
+            info.name.trim().length > 0
+          ) {
+            const modelId =
+              typeof info.modelId === 'string' && info.modelId.trim().length > 0
+                ? info.modelId.trim()
+                : info.name.trim();
+            const normalized: ModelInfo = {
+              modelId,
+              name: info.name.trim(),
+              ...(typeof info.description !== 'undefined'
+                ? { description: info.description ?? null }
+                : {}),
+              ...(typeof info._meta !== 'undefined'
+                ? { _meta: info._meta }
+                : {}),
+            };
+            modelInfoRef.current = normalized;
+            handlers.setModelInfo?.(normalized);
+          } else {
+            modelInfoRef.current = null;
+            handlers.setModelInfo?.(null);
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+
         case 'loginSuccess': {
           // Clear loading state and show a short assistant notice
           handlers.messageHandling.clearWaitingForResponse();

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/webview/styles/tailwind.css

@@ -151,6 +151,28 @@
     fill: var(--app-qwen-ivory);
   }
 
+  .context-indicator {
+    @apply inline-flex items-center gap-1 px-1 py-0.5 rounded-small text-[0.8em] select-none;
+    color: var(--app-secondary-foreground);
+  }
+  .context-indicator svg {
+    width: 20px;
+    height: 20px;
+  }
+  .context-indicator__track,
+  .context-indicator__progress {
+    fill: none;
+    stroke-width: 2.5;
+  }
+  .context-indicator__track {
+    stroke: var(--app-secondary-foreground);
+    opacity: 0.35;
+  }
+  .context-indicator__progress {
+    stroke: var(--app-secondary-foreground);
+    stroke-linecap: round;
+  }
+
   .composer-overlay {
     @apply absolute inset-0 rounded-large z-0;
     background: var(--app-input-background);

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/webview/utils/diffUtils.ts

@@ -28,3 +28,22 @@ export const handleOpenDiff = (
     });
   }
 };
+
+/**
+ * Creates a temporary readonly file with the given content and opens it in VS Code
+ * @param content The content to write to the temporary file
+ * @param fileName File name (will be auto-generated with timestamp)
+ */
+export const createAndOpenTempFile = (
+  vscode: VSCodeAPI,
+  content: string,
+  fileName: string = 'temp',
+): void => {
+  vscode.postMessage({
+    type: 'createAndOpenTempFile',
+    data: {
+      content,
+      fileName,
+    },
+  });
+};

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/webview/utils/tempFileManager.ts

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * @license
- * Copyright 2025 Qwen Team
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
- *
- * Temporary file manager for creating and opening temporary files in webview
- */
-
-/**
- * Creates a temporary file with the given content and opens it in VS Code
- * @param content The content to write to the temporary file
- * @param fileName Optional file name (without extension)
- * @param fileExtension Optional file extension (defaults to .txt)
- */
-export async function createAndOpenTempFile(
-  postMessage: (message: {
-    type: string;
-    data: Record<string, unknown>;
-  }) => void,
-  content: string,
-  fileName: string = 'temp',
-  fileExtension: string = '.txt',
-): Promise<void> {
-  // Send message to VS Code extension to create and open temp file
-  postMessage({
-    type: 'createAndOpenTempFile',
-    data: {
-      content,
-      fileName,
-      fileExtension,
-    },
-  });
-}

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/webview/utils/utils.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2025 Qwen Team
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * Unit tests for toolcall utility functions
+ */
+
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { extractCommandOutput, formatValue } from './utils.js';
+
+describe('extractCommandOutput', () => {
+  it('should extract output from JSON format', () => {
+    const input = JSON.stringify({ output: 'Hello World' });
+    expect(extractCommandOutput(input)).toBe('Hello World');
+  });
+
+  it('should handle uppercase Output in JSON', () => {
+    const input = JSON.stringify({ Output: 'Test Output' });
+    expect(extractCommandOutput(input)).toBe('Test Output');
+  });
+
+  it('should extract output from structured text format', () => {
+    const input = `Command: lsof -i :5173
+Directory: (root)
+Output: COMMAND   PID    USER   FD   TYPE
+node    59117 jinjing   17u  IPv6
+Error: (none)
+Exit Code: 0`;
+
+    const output = extractCommandOutput(input);
+    expect(output).toContain('COMMAND   PID    USER');
+    expect(output).toContain('node    59117 jinjing');
+    expect(output).not.toContain('Command:');
+    expect(output).not.toContain('Error:');
+  });
+
+  it('should handle multiline output correctly', () => {
+    const input = `Command: ps aux
+Directory: /home/user
+Output: USER       PID %CPU %MEM
+root         1  0.0  0.1
+user      1234  1.5  2.3
+Error: (none)
+Exit Code: 0`;
+
+    const output = extractCommandOutput(input);
+    expect(output).toContain('USER       PID %CPU %MEM');
+    expect(output).toContain('root         1');
+    expect(output).toContain('user      1234');
+  });
+
+  it('should skip (none) output', () => {
+    const input = `Command: test
+Output: (none)
+Error: (none)`;
+
+    const output = extractCommandOutput(input);
+    expect(output).toBe(input); // Should return original if output is (none)
+  });
+
+  it('should return original text if no structured format found', () => {
+    const input = 'Just some random text';
+    expect(extractCommandOutput(input)).toBe(input);
+  });
+
+  it('should handle empty output gracefully', () => {
+    const input = `Command: test
+Output: 
+Error: (none)`;
+
+    const output = extractCommandOutput(input);
+    // Should return original since output is empty
+    expect(output).toBe(input);
+  });
+
+  it('should extract from regex match when Output: is present', () => {
+    const input = `Some text before
+Output: This is the output
+Error: Some error`;
+
+    expect(extractCommandOutput(input)).toBe('This is the output');
+  });
+
+  it('should handle JSON objects in output field', () => {
+    const input = JSON.stringify({
+      output: { key: 'value', nested: { data: 'test' } },
+    });
+
+    const output = extractCommandOutput(input);
+    expect(output).toContain('"key"');
+    expect(output).toContain('"value"');
+  });
+});
+
+describe('formatValue', () => {
+  it('should return empty string for null or undefined', () => {
+    expect(formatValue(null)).toBe('');
+    expect(formatValue(undefined)).toBe('');
+  });
+
+  it('should extract output from string using extractCommandOutput', () => {
+    const input = `Command: test
+Output: Hello World
+Error: (none)`;
+
+    const output = formatValue(input);
+    expect(output).toContain('Hello World');
+  });
+
+  it('should handle Error objects', () => {
+    const error = new Error('Test error message');
+    expect(formatValue(error)).toBe('Test error message');
+  });
+
+  it('should handle error-like objects', () => {
+    const errorObj = { message: 'Custom error', stack: 'stack trace' };
+    expect(formatValue(errorObj)).toBe('Custom error');
+  });
+
+  it('should stringify objects', () => {
+    const obj = { key: 'value', number: 42 };
+    const output = formatValue(obj);
+    expect(output).toContain('"key"');
+    expect(output).toContain('"value"');
+    expect(output).toContain('42');
+  });
+
+  it('should convert primitives to string', () => {
+    expect(formatValue(123)).toBe('123');
+    expect(formatValue(true)).toBe('true');
+    expect(formatValue(false)).toBe('false');
+  });
+});

packages/vscode-ide-companion/src/webview/utils/utils.ts

@@ -9,8 +9,102 @@
 import type {
   ToolCallContent,
   GroupedContent,
+  ToolCallData,
   ToolCallStatus,
-} from './types.js';
+} from '../components/messages/toolcalls/shared/types.js';
+
+/**
+ * Extract output from command execution result text
+ * Handles both JSON format and structured text format
+ *
+ * Example structured text:
+ * ```
+ * Command: lsof -i :5173
+ * Directory: (root)
+ * Output: COMMAND   PID    USER...
+ * Error: (none)
+ * Exit Code: 0
+ * ```
+ */
+export const extractCommandOutput = (text: string): string => {
+  // First try: Parse as JSON and extract output field
+  try {
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(text) as { output?: unknown; Output?: unknown };
+    const output = parsed.output ?? parsed.Output;
+    if (output !== undefined && output !== null) {
+      return typeof output === 'string'
+        ? output
+        : JSON.stringify(output, null, 2);
+    }
+  } catch (_error) {
+    // Not JSON, continue with text parsing
+  }
+
+  // Second try: Extract from structured text format
+  // Look for "Output: " followed by content until "Error: " or end of string
+  // Only match if there's actual content after "Output:" (not just whitespace)
+  // Avoid treating the next line (e.g. "Error: ...") as output when the Output line is empty.
+  // Intentionally do not allow `\s*` here since it would consume newlines.
+  const outputMatch = text.match(/Output:[ \t]*(.+?)(?=\nError:|$)/i);
+  if (outputMatch && outputMatch[1]) {
+    const output = outputMatch[1].trim();
+    // Only return if there's meaningful content (not just "(none)" or empty)
+    if (output && output !== '(none)' && output.length > 0) {
+      return output;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Third try: Check if text starts with structured format (Command:, Directory:, etc.)
+  // If so, try to extract everything between first line and "Error:" or "Exit Code:"
+  if (text.match(/^Command:/)) {
+    const lines = text.split('\n');
+    const outputLines: string[] = [];
+    let inOutput = false;
+
+    for (const line of lines) {
+      // Stop at metadata lines
+      if (
+        line.startsWith('Error:') ||
+        line.startsWith('Exit Code:') ||
+        line.startsWith('Signal:') ||
+        line.startsWith('Background PIDs:') ||
+        line.startsWith('Process Group PGID:')
+      ) {
+        break;
+      }
+      // Skip header lines
+      if (line.startsWith('Command:') || line.startsWith('Directory:')) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      // Start collecting after "Output:" label
+      if (line.startsWith('Output:')) {
+        inOutput = true;
+        const content = line.substring('Output:'.length).trim();
+        if (content && content !== '(none)') {
+          outputLines.push(content);
+        }
+        continue;
+      }
+      // Collect output lines
+      if (
+        inOutput ||
+        (!line.startsWith('Command:') && !line.startsWith('Directory:'))
+      ) {
+        outputLines.push(line);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (outputLines.length > 0) {
+      const result = outputLines.join('\n').trim();
+      if (result && result !== '(none)') {
+        return result;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Fallback: Return original text
+  return text;
+};
 
 /**
  * Format any value to a string for display
@@ -20,13 +114,8 @@ export const formatValue = (value: unknown): string => {
     return '';
   }
   if (typeof value === 'string') {
-    // TODO: Trying to take out the Output part from the string
+    // Extract command output from structured text
-    try {
+    return extractCommandOutput(value);
-      value = (JSON.parse(value) as { output?: unknown }).output ?? value;
-    } catch (_error) {
-      // ignore JSON parse errors
-    }
-    return value as string;
   }
   // Handle Error objects specially
   if (value instanceof Error) {
@@ -72,9 +161,7 @@ export const shouldShowToolCall = (kind: string): boolean =>
  * Check if a tool call has actual output to display
  * Returns false for tool calls that completed successfully but have no visible output
  */
-export const hasToolCallOutput = (
+export const hasToolCallOutput = (toolCall: ToolCallData): boolean => {
-  toolCall: import('./types.js').ToolCallData,
-): boolean => {
   // Always show failed tool calls (even without content)
   if (toolCall.status === 'failed') {
     return true;

scripts/check-i18n.ts

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ interface CheckResult {
  */
 async function loadTranslationsFile(
   filePath: string,
-): Promise<Record<string, string>> {
+): Promise<Record<string, string | string[]>> {
   try {
     // Dynamic import for ES modules
     const module = await import(filePath);
@@ -118,8 +118,8 @@ async function extractUsedKeys(sourceDir: string): Promise<Set<string>> {
     try {
       const content = fs.readFileSync(filePath, 'utf-8');
 
-      // Find all t( calls
+      // Find all t( or ta( calls
-      const tCallRegex = /t\s*\(/g;
+      const tCallRegex = /\bta?\s*\(/g;
       let match;
       while ((match = tCallRegex.exec(content)) !== null) {
         const startPos = match.index + match[0].length;
@@ -153,11 +153,16 @@ async function extractUsedKeys(sourceDir: string): Promise<Set<string>> {
  * Check key-value consistency in en.js
  */
 function checkKeyValueConsistency(
-  enTranslations: Record<string, string>,
+  enTranslations: Record<string, string | string[]>,
 ): string[] {
   const errors: string[] = [];
 
   for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(enTranslations)) {
+    // Skip array values as they don't follow the key=value rule (e.g., WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES)
+    if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
     if (key !== value) {
       errors.push(`Key-value mismatch: "${key}" !== "${value}"`);
     }
@@ -170,8 +175,8 @@ function checkKeyValueConsistency(
  * Check if en.js and zh.js have matching keys
  */
 function checkKeyMatching(
-  enTranslations: Record<string, string>,
+  enTranslations: Record<string, string | string[]>,
-  zhTranslations: Record<string, string>,
+  zhTranslations: Record<string, string | string[]>,
 ): string[] {
   const errors: string[] = [];
   const enKeys = new Set(Object.keys(enTranslations));
@@ -301,8 +306,8 @@ async function checkI18n(): Promise<CheckResult> {
   const zhPath = path.join(localesDir, 'zh.js');
 
   // Load translation files
-  let enTranslations: Record<string, string>;
+  let enTranslations: Record<string, string | string[]>;
-  let zhTranslations: Record<string, string>;
+  let zhTranslations: Record<string, string | string[]>;
 
   try {
     enTranslations = await loadTranslationsFile(enPath);

scripts/unused-keys-only-in-locales.json

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+{
+  "generatedAt": "2025-12-24T09:15:59.125Z",
+  "keys": [
+    "  - en-US: English",
+    "  - zh-CN: Simplified Chinese",
+    "A checkpoint with the tag {{tag}} already exists. Do you want to overwrite it?",
+    "Apply to current session only (temporary)",
+    "Approval mode changed to: {{mode}}",
+    "Approval mode changed to: {{mode}} (saved to {{scope}} settings{{location}})",
+    "Auto-edit mode - Automatically approve file edits",
+    "Available approval modes:",
+    "Chat history is already compressed.",
+    "Clearing terminal and resetting chat.",
+    "Clearing terminal.",
+    "Conversation checkpoint '{{tag}}' has been deleted.",
+    "Conversation checkpoint saved with tag: {{tag}}.",
+    "Conversation shared to {{filePath}}",
+    "Current approval mode: {{mode}}",
+    "Default mode - Require approval for file edits or shell commands",
+    "Delete a conversation checkpoint. Usage: /chat delete <tag>",
+    "Enable Prompt Completion",
+    "Error sharing conversation: {{error}}",
+    "Error: No checkpoint found with tag '{{tag}}'.",
+    "Failed to change approval mode: {{error}}",
+    "Failed to login. Message: {{message}}",
+    "Failed to save approval mode: {{error}}",
+    "Invalid file format. Only .md and .json are supported.",
+    "Invalid language. Available: en-US, zh-CN",
+    "List of saved conversations:",
+    "List saved conversation checkpoints",
+    "Manage conversation history.",
+    "Missing tag. Usage: /chat delete <tag>",
+    "Missing tag. Usage: /chat resume <tag>",
+    "Missing tag. Usage: /chat save <tag>",
+    "No chat client available to save conversation.",
+    "No chat client available to share conversation.",
+    "No conversation found to save.",
+    "No conversation found to share.",
+    "No saved checkpoint found with tag: {{tag}}.",
+    "No saved conversation checkpoints found.",
+    "Note: Newest last, oldest first",
+    "OpenAI API key is required to use OpenAI authentication.",
+    "Persist for this project/workspace",
+    "Persist for this user on this machine",
+    "Plan mode - Analyze only, do not modify files or execute commands",
+    "Qwen OAuth authentication cancelled.",
+    "Qwen OAuth authentication timed out. Please try again.",
+    "Resume a conversation from a checkpoint. Usage: /chat resume <tag>",
+    "Save the current conversation as a checkpoint. Usage: /chat save <tag>",
+    "Scope subcommands do not accept additional arguments.",
+    "Set UI language to English (en-US)",
+    "Set UI language to Simplified Chinese (zh-CN)",
+    "Settings service is not available; unable to persist the approval mode.",
+    "Share the current conversation to a markdown or json file. Usage: /chat share <file>",
+    "Usage: /approval-mode <mode> [--session|--user|--project]",
+    "Usage: /language ui [zh-CN|en-US]",
+    "YOLO mode - Automatically approve all tools",
+    "clear the screen and conversation history"
+  ],
+  "count": 55
+}

scripts/version.js

@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@ if (!versionType) {
 run(`npm version ${versionType} --no-git-tag-version --allow-same-version`);
 
 // 3. Get all workspaces and filter out the one we don't want to version.
-const workspacesToExclude = [];
+// We intend to maintain sdk version independently.
+const workspacesToExclude = ['@qwen-code/sdk'];
 let lsOutput;
 try {
   lsOutput = JSON.parse(